Umthelela Wezinto Zensimbi Eziqukethwe Kuzintambo Zokushisela kukhwalithi yokushisela

Ngocingo lokushisela oluqukethe i-Si, Mn, S, P, Cr, Al, Ti, Mo, V nezinye izakhi ze-alloying.Umthelela walezi zakhi ze-alloying ekusebenzeni kwe-welding uchazwe ngezansi:

I-silicon (Si)

I-Silicon iyisici esivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu se-deoxidizing ocingweni lokushisela, ingavimbela insimbi ukuthi ingahlangani ne-oxidation, futhi inganciphisa i-FeO echibini elincibilikisiwe.Kodwa-ke, uma i-silicon deoxidation isetshenziswa iyodwa, i-SiO2 ewumphumela inezinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika (cishe 1710 ° C), futhi izinhlayiya eziwumphumela zincane, okwenza kube nzima ukuntanta ngaphandle kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, okungabangela kalula ukufakwa kwe-slag insimbi yokushisela.

I-Manganese (Mn)

Umphumela we-manganese ufana nowe-silicon, kodwa ikhono layo lokuqeda amandla libi kakhulu kunalelo le-silicon.Isebenzisa i-manganese deoxidation iyodwa, i-MnO ekhiqiziwe inokuminyana okuphezulu (15.11g/cm3), futhi akulula ukuntanta iphume echibini elincibilikisiwe.I-manganese equkethwe ocingweni lokushisela, ngaphezu kwe-deoxidation, ingabuye ihlangane nesulfure yakhe i-manganese sulfide (MnS), futhi isuswe (i-desulfurization), ngakho inganciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo okubangelwa isulfure.Njengoba i-silicon ne-manganese isetshenziswa yodwa ukuze i-deoxidation, kunzima ukususa imikhiqizo ekhishwe yi-deoxidized.Ngakho-ke, i-silicon-manganese joint deoxidation isetshenziswa kakhulu okwamanje, ukuze i-SiO2 ne-MnO ekhiqiziwe ingahlanganiswa ibe yi-silicate (MnO·SiO2).I-MnO·SiO2 inephuzu elincibilikayo eliphansi (cishe u-1270°C) kanye nokuminyana okuphansi (cishe u-3.6g/cm3), futhi ingajiya ibe yizicucu ezinkulu ze-slag bese intanta ngaphandle echibini elincibilikisiwe ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle wokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni.I-Manganese iyisici esibalulekile sokuhlanganiswa kwensimbi kanye nesici esibalulekile sokuqina, esinomthelela omkhulu ekuqineni kwensimbi yokushisela.Uma okuqukethwe kwe-Mn kungaphansi kuka-0.05%, ukuqina kwensimbi yokushisela kuphezulu kakhulu;lapho okuqukethwe kwe-Mn kungaphezu kuka-3%, kuba nzima kakhulu;lapho okuqukethwe kwe-Mn kungu-0.6-1.8%, insimbi yokushisela inamandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina.

Isibabule (S)

Isibabule sivame ukuba khona ngesimo se-iron sulfide ensimbi, futhi sisakazwa emngceleni wokusanhlamvu ngendlela yenethiwekhi, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise kakhulu ukuqina kwensimbi.Izinga lokushisa le-eutectic le-iron plus iron sulfide liphansi (985°C).Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza okushisayo, njengoba izinga lokushisa lokuqala lokucubungula ngokuvamile liyi-1150-1200 ° C, futhi i-eutectic ye-iron ne-iron sulfide iye yancibilika, okuholela ekuqhekekeni ngesikhathi sokucubungula, Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "i-hot embrittlement yesulfure" .Le mpahla yesibabule ibangela ukuthi insimbi ibe nemifantu eshisayo ngesikhathi sokushisela.Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe isulfure ensimbi ngokuvamile kulawulwa ngokuqinile.Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-carbon steel evamile, i-carbon steel yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu isesilinganisweni sesibabule ne-phosphorus.Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-manganese inomphumela we-desulfurization, ngoba i-manganese ingakha i-manganese sulfide (MnS) enephuzu lokuncibilika eliphezulu (1600 ° C) nesibabule, esatshalaliswa okusanhlamvu ngendlela ye-granular.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okushisayo, i-manganese sulfide ine-plasticity eyanele, ngaleyo ndlela iqeda umphumela oyingozi wesulfure.Ngakho-ke, kunenzuzo ukugcina inani elithile le-manganese ensimbi.

I-Phosphorus (P)

I-Phosphorus ingancibilika ngokuphelele ku-ferrite ngensimbi.Umphumela wayo wokuqinisa ensimbi ungowesibili kuphela kukhabhoni, okwandisa amandla nobulukhuni bensimbi.I-Phosphorus ingathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi, kuyilapho ipulasitiki nokuqina kuncipha kakhulu.Ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi, umthelela unzima kakhulu, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuthambekela kokuguqa okubandayo kwe-phosphorus.Ngakho-ke, akufanelekile ukushisela futhi kwandisa ukuzwela kokuqhekeka kwensimbi.Njengokungcola, okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus ensimbi kufanele futhi kube nomkhawulo.

I-Chromium (Cr)

I-Chromium ingakhuphula amandla nobulukhuni bensimbi ngaphandle kokunciphisa ipulasitiki nokuqina.I-Chromium inokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile nokumelana ne-asidi, ngakho insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ngokuvamile iqukethe i-chromium eningi (ngaphezu kuka-13%).I-Chromium futhi inokumelana ne-oxidation okuqinile nokumelana nokushisa.Ngakho-ke, i-chromium iphinde isetshenziswe kabanzi ensimbi engangeni ekushiseni, njenge-12CrMo, 15CrMo 5CrMo njalonjalo.Insimbi iqukethe inani elithile le-chromium [7].I-Chromium iyingxenye ebalulekile yensimbi ye-austenitic kanye ne-ferritizing element, engathuthukisa ukumelana ne-oxidation kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kunsimbi ye-alloy.Ensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, lapho inani eliphelele le-chromium ne-nickel lingama-40%, lapho i-Cr / Ni = 1, kukhona ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo;lapho i-Cr/Ni = 2.7, akukho ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo.Ngakho-ke, lapho i-Cr/Ni = 2.2 kuya ku-2.3 ngokujwayelekile insimbi engu-18-8, i-chromium kulula ukukhiqiza ama-carbides ensimbi ye-alloy, okwenza ukushisa kokushisa kwensimbi ye-alloy kube kubi kakhulu, futhi i-chromium oxide kulula ukuyikhiqiza, okwenza ukushisela kube nzima.

I-Aluminium (AI)

I-Aluminium ingenye yezakhi eziqinile ze-deoxidizing, ngakho ukusebenzisa i-aluminium njenge-ejenti ye-deoxidizing ayikwazi ukukhiqiza i-FeO encane kuphela, kodwa futhi inciphisa kalula i-FeO, ivimbele ngokuphumelelayo ukusabela kwamakhemikhali e-CO gas ekhiqizwa echibini elincibilikisiwe, futhi kuthuthukise ikhono lokumelana ne-CO. izimbotshana.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aluminium ingabuye ihlangane ne-nitrogen ukulungisa i-nitrogen, ngakho-ke inganciphisa nezimbotshana ze-nitrogen.Kodwa-ke, nge-aluminium deoxidation, umphumela we-Al2O3 unephuzu eliphezulu lokuncibilika (cishe u-2050 ° C), futhi likhona echibini elincibilikisiwe elisesimweni esiqinile, okungenzeka kubangele ukufakwa kwe-slag ekushiseleni.Ngasikhathi sinye, intambo yokushisela equkethe i-aluminium kulula ukubangela i-spatter, futhi okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-aluminium kuzonciphisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka okushisayo kwensimbi yokushisela, ngakho okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium ocingweni lokushisela kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile futhi akufanele kube kakhulu. kakhulu.Uma okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium ocingweni lokushisela kulawulwa ngendlela efanele, ubulukhuni, iphuzu lokukhiqiza kanye namandla aqinile wensimbi yokushisela kuzothuthukiswa kancane.

I-Titanium (Ti)

I-Titanium futhi iyisici esinamandla se-deoxidizing, futhi ingaphinda ihlanganise i-TiN ne-nitrogen ukulungisa i-nitrogen futhi ithuthukise ikhono lensimbi yokushisela ukumelana nezimbotshana ze-nitrogen.Uma okuqukethwe kwe-Ti no-B (i-boron) esakhiweni se-weld kufanelekile, isakhiwo se-weld singalungiswa.

I-Molybdenum (Mo)

I-Molybdenum kunsimbi ye-alloy ingathuthukisa amandla nobulukhuni bensimbi, icwenge okusanhlamvu, ivimbele ukufutheka kwentukuthelo nokuthambekela kokushisa ngokweqile, ithuthukise amandla okushisa aphezulu, amandla okukhasa namandla ahlala isikhathi eside, futhi lapho okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum kungaphansi kuka-0.6%, kungathuthukisa ipulasitiki, Yehlisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka futhi kuthuthukisa ukuqina komthelela.I-Molybdenum ijwayele ukuthuthukisa i-graphitization.Ngakho-ke, insimbi evamile equkethe i-molybdenum ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa njenge-16Mo, 12CrMo, 15CrMo, njll. iqukethe cishe u-0.5% we-molybdenum.Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum ku-0.6-1.0% yensimbi, i-molybdenum izonciphisa i-plasticity nokuqina kwensimbi ye-alloy futhi ikhulise ukuthambekela kokucisha kwensimbi ye-alloy.

I-Vanadium (V)

I-Vanadium ingakhuphula amandla ensimbi, icwenge okusanhlamvu, inciphise ukuthambekela kokukhula okusanhlamvu, futhi ithuthukise ukuqina.I-Vanadium iyisici esiqinile esakha i-carbide, futhi ama-carbide akhiwe azinzile ngaphansi kuka-650 °C.Umphumela wokuqinisa isikhathi.I-Vanadium carbides inokuqina kokushisa okuphezulu, okungathuthukisa ubulukhuni bokushisa obuphezulu bensimbi.I-Vanadium ingashintsha ukusatshalaliswa kwe-carbides ngensimbi, kodwa i-vanadium kulula ukwenza ama-oxide e-refractory, okwandisa ubunzima bokushisela igesi nokusika igesi.Ngokuvamile, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-vanadium kumthungo we-weld cishe ku-0.11%, kungabamba iqhaza ekulungiseni i-nitrogen, kuguqule kube okungalungile kube kuhle.