Izidingo zekhwalithi zezakhiwo ezishiselwe, imikhiqizo eshiselwe, namajoyinti ashiselwe zinezinhlangothi eziningi. Zihlanganisa izidingo zangaphakathi ezifana nokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela kanye nenhlangano. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akumele kube khona ukukhubazeka ekubukeni, ukuma, ukunemba kosayizi, ukwakheka kwe-weld seam, ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi nangaphakathi. Ukuze uzibone ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, Ukuze uxazulule izinkinga, ukuhlaziywa kwe-macroscopic kuvame ukusetshenziswa kuqala, kulandelwa ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwe-microscopic uma kunesidingo.
Okuqukethwe okubaluleke kakhulu kokuhlaziywa kwe-macro ukuhlaziya amaphutha amalunga ashiselwe. Ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa indlela yokuhlaziya isakhiwo esisezingeni eliphansi se-microscope ye-metallographic, ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi okukhiqizwa amalunga ashiselwe kuhlolwa nge-metallographic low-magnification, futhi izimbangela zokukhubazeka zinqunywa ngokuhlaziywa kwe-microstructure yokukhulisa okuphezulu, nezindlela zokugwema kanye ukuqedwa kutholakala ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamalunga ashiselwe. izinga.
Ngokuthatha isampula, ukugaya, ukuqopha nokuthatha izithombe ezisezingeni eliphansi, singahlola ngokucacile nangokunembile ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwamajoyinti ashiselwe, futhi kuhlanganiswe nezindinganiso ezihambisanayo zokushisela, singahlulela ukuthi inqubo yokushisela, izisebenzi zokushisela, kanye nezakhiwo zokushisela zingahlangabezana yini. izidingo ezifanele. Izimfuneko.
Ngokwembangela yokwakheka kanye nokuma kwesici, ama-weld macro defects angahlukaniswa ikakhulukazi ngezigaba ezilandelayo:
1. Stomata
Phakathi nenqubo ye-crystallization ye-welding pool, amanye amagesi angase ahlale esibukweni sokushisela ukuze enze ama-pores ngoba abanaso isikhathi sokubaleka.
I-porosity iyisici esivamile emalungeni ashiselwe. I-Porosity ayibonakali kuphela ebusweni be-weld, kodwa futhi ngokuvamile ibonakala ngaphakathi kwe-weld. Akulula ukukubona ngezindlela ezilula ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-welding, okuzodala umonakalo omkhulu.
Izimbotshana zokushisela ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-weld zibizwa ngokuthi izimbotshana zangaphakathi, futhi izimbotshana ezivuleka ngaphandle zibizwa kakhulu ngokuthi ama-surface pores.
2. Ukufakwa kwe-slag
Ukufakwa kwe-slag kuyi-slag encibilikisiwe noma okunye okungenayo i-metallic in the weld, okuyiphutha elivamile ku-weld.
Ekushiseleni kusetshenziswa intambo yensimbi egcwele i-flux, njengokushisela i-arc engaphansi, uthuli luba yi-slag ngenxa yokungafakwa kahle, noma endleleni ye-CO2 yokushisela ngaphandle kokugeleza, umkhiqizo we-deoxidation ukhiqiza i-slag, ehlala ngaphakathi kwensimbi ye-weld ye-multi-layer. Ingakha ukufakwa kwe-slag.
3. Ukungena nokuhlanganisa okunganele
Ukungena okungaphelele kubhekisela engxenyeni esele empandeni yelunga elingangeni ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokushisela.
Ukuntuleka kwe-fusion kuyisici esivamile. Isho igebe lensalela lendawo phakathi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe yokushisela kanye nesisekelo sensimbi noma phakathi kobuhlalu bokushisela obuseduze kanye nezendlalelo zokushisela. Isisekelo sensimbi nesisekelo sensimbi akuncibilikisiwe ngokuphelele futhi kuhlanganiswe ngesikhathi sokushisela. Ezinye zibizwa ngokuthi azihlanganisiwe.
Imishini yokushisela i-Xinfa inezici zekhwalithi ephezulu nenani eliphansi. Ukuze uthole imininingwane, sicela uvakashele: Abakhiqizi Be-Welding & Cutting Manufacturers - China Welding & Cutting Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
4. Imifantu
Imifantu yokushisela ihlukaniswe yaba imifantu eshisayo (ukuqhekeka kwekristalu, ukuqhekeka kwe-liquefaction ephezulu lokushisa, ukuqhekeka kwe-polygonal), imifantu ebandayo (imifantu ebambezelekile, imifantu eqina embrittlement, imifantu ephansi yepulasitiki), ishisa kabusha imifantu, nezinyembezi ze-lamellar ngokuya ngokuma kwazo nezimbangela. Ukuqhekeka njll.
5. I-Undercut
I-Undercut ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-undercut. Kuyi-groove ephansi kunobuso bensimbi eyisisekelo kuzwane weld ngoba insimbi efakiwe ayimbozi ngokuphelele ingxenye encibilikisiwe yesisekelo sensimbi ngesikhathi sokushisela. Kungumphumela we-arc ye-welding encibilika umkhawulo we-weldment. Igebe elishiywe yinsimbi encibilikisiwe entweni yokushisela aligcwaliswa.
I-undercut ejulile kakhulu izowenza buthaka amandla ahlangene futhi ingase ibangele nokulimala kwesakhiwo endaweni engaphansi.
6. Amanye amaphutha
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinkinga ezingenhla, ukukhubazeka okujwayelekile kuma-welds kufaka phakathi ukuxega, ukuvala amakhaza, ukushiswa, ama-weld nodules, imigodi enciphayo, imigodi, i-sag, usayizi womlenze we-weld ongalingani, i-concavity / convexity ngokweqile, kanye ne-angle ye-weld toe engalungile. linda.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-27-2024
