Ngaphezu kwezici zenqubo, ezinye izici zenqubo yokushisela, njengosayizi we-groove nosayizi wegebe, i-angle yokuthambekela ye-electrode ne-workpiece, kanye nesimo sendawo sokuhlangana, kungathinta nokwakheka kwe-weld kanye nosayizi we-weld.
Imishini yokushisela i-Xinfa inezici zekhwalithi ephezulu nenani eliphansi. Ukuze uthole imininingwane, sicela uvakashele:Abakhiqizi Bezinto Zokushisela Nezokusika - Imboni Yokushisela Nokusika YaseChina Nabahlinzeki (xinfatools.com)
1. Ithonya le-welding yamanje ekubunjweni kwe-welding seam
Ngaphansi kwezinye izimo ezithile, njengoba i-arc welding yamanje ikhula, ukujula kokungena kanye nokuphakama okusele kokukhuphuka kwe-weld, nobubanzi bokungena bukhuphuka kancane. Izizathu zimi kanje:
Njengoba i-arc welding current ikhula, amandla e-arc asebenza ekushiseleleni ayanda, okokufaka kokushisa kwe-arc endaweni yokushisela kuyanda, futhi indawo yomthombo wokushisa ihlehlela phansi, okuvumela ukushisa kungene ekujuleni kwechibi elincibilikisiwe futhi kuyanda. ukujula kokungena. Ukujula kokungena kucishe kulingane ne-welding current, okungukuthi, ukujula kokungena kwe-weld H kucishe kulingane ne-Km×I.
2) Ijubane lokuncibilika le-arc welding core noma i-welding wire lilingana ne-welding current. Njengoba i-welding current ye-arc welding ikhula, isivinini sokuncibilika socingo lokushisela siyakhula, futhi inani le-welding wire elincibilikisiwe likhuphuka cishe ngokulingana, kuyilapho ububanzi bokuncibilika bukhula buncane, ngakho ukuqiniswa kwe-weld kuyanda.
I-3) Ngemva kokukhuphuka kwamanje, ububanzi bekholomu ye-arc buyanda, kodwa ukujula kwe-arc ukungena ku-workpiece kuyanda, futhi ububanzi obuhambayo bendawo ye-arc bulinganiselwe, ngakho-ke ukwanda kobubanzi bokuncibilika kuncane.
Ngesikhathi sokushisela i-arc evikelwe ngegesi, amandla okushisela ayakhuphuka futhi ukujula kokungena kwe-weld kuyanda. Uma i-welding current inkulu kakhulu futhi ukuminyana kwamanje kuphezulu kakhulu, ukungena okufana nomunwe kungase kwenzeke, ikakhulukazi uma kushiselwa i-aluminium.
2. Ithonya le-arc voltage ekubunjweni kwe-welding seam
Uma ezinye izimo ziqinisekile, ukwandisa i-arc voltage kuzokwandisa amandla e-arc ngokufanele, futhi okokufaka ukushisa ku-weldment kuzokwanda. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwe-arc voltage kufinyelelwa ngokwandisa ubude be-arc. Ukwanda kobude be-arc kwandisa irediyasi yomthombo wokushisa we-arc, kwandisa ukuchithwa kokushisa kwe-arc, futhi kunciphisa ukuminyana kwamandla we-weldment yokufaka. Ngakho-ke, ukujula kokungena kuncipha kancane ngenkathi ukujula kokungena kukhuphuka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba i-welding current ingashintshiwe, inani elincibilikayo le-welding wire lihlala lingashintshiwe, okwenza ukuqiniswa kwe-weld kunciphe.
Izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokushisela i-arc zisetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe ukwakheka komthungo ofanelekile wokushisela, okungukuthi, ukugcina umthungo ofanele wokushisela wenza i-coefficient φ, nokwandisa i-arc voltage ngokufanele ngenkathi kwandisa amandla okushisela. Kudingeka ukuthi i-arc voltage kanye ne-welding current ibe nobudlelwano obufanele bokufanisa. . Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ekushiseleni i-arc metal.
3. Umphumela wejubane lokushisela ekubunjweni kwe-weld
Ngaphansi kwezinye izimo, ukwandisa ijubane lokushisela kuzoholela ekunciphiseni okokufaka kokushisa kwe-welding, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise kokubili ububanzi be-weld nokujula kokungena. Njengoba inani lokufakwa kwensimbi yensimbi ngobude beyunithi ngayinye ye-weld lilingana ngokuphambene nesivinini sokushisela, ukuqiniswa kwe-weld nakho kuyancishiswa.
Ijubane lokushisela liyinkomba ebalulekile yokuhlola ukukhiqiza kwe-welding. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqiza kwe-welding, isivinini sokushisela kufanele senyuswe. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe usayizi we-weld odingekayo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, i-welding current kanye ne-arc voltage kumele ikhuliswe ngokuhambisanayo ngenkathi ikhulisa isivinini sokushisela. Lawa manani amathathu ahlobene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi lapho ukhuphula izinga lokushisela, i-arc voltage, kanye nesivinini sokushisela (okungukuthi, ukusebenzisa i-arc ye-welding ephezulu kanye ne-welding high speed welding), ukukhubazeka kwe-welding kungase kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. ichibi kanye nenqubo yokuqinisa yechibi elincibilikisiwe, njengokuluma. Imiphetho, imifantu, njll, ngakho-ke kunomkhawulo wokwandisa isivinini sokushisela.
4. Umthelela wohlobo lwamanje lwe-welding kanye ne-polarity kanye nosayizi we-electrode ekubunjweni kwe-weld
1. Uhlobo kanye ne-polarity ye-welding current
Izinhlobo ze-welding current zihlukaniswe zibe yi-DC ne-AC. Phakathi kwazo, i-DC arc welding ihlukaniswe yaba yi-DC engaguquki kanye ne-pulsed DC ngokusho kokuba khona noma ukungabi khona kwama-pulses wamanje; ngokusho kwe-polarity, ihlukaniswe ngokuxhumeka kwe-DC phambili (i-weldment ixhunywe kokuhle) kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-DC reverse (i-weldment ixhunywe kokubi). I-AC arc welding ihlukaniswe yaba yi-sine wave AC kanye ne-square wave AC ngokuya ngamagagasi ahlukene amanje. Uhlobo kanye ne-polarity ye-welding current ithinta inani lokufaka ukushisa nge-arc kuya ekushiseleni, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukwakheka kwe-weld. Kungase futhi kuthinte inqubo yokudlulisa amaconsi kanye nokususwa kwefilimu ye-oxide ebusweni bensimbi eyisisekelo.
Lapho i-tungsten arc welding isetshenziselwa ukushisela insimbi, i-titanium nezinye izinto zensimbi, ukujula kokungena kwe-weld okwakhiwa kukhulu kakhulu lapho kuxhunywe umshini oqondile, ukungena kuncane kakhulu lapho ukuqondisa okuqondile kuxhunyiwe, futhi i-AC iphakathi ezimbili. Njengoba ukungena kwe-weld kukhulu kakhulu phakathi nokuxhumeka okuqondile kwamanje kanye nokulahlekelwa okuvuthayo kwe-electrode ye-tungsten kuncane kakhulu, ukuxhumana okuqondile kwamanje kufanele kusetshenziswe lapho kushiselwa insimbi, i-titanium nezinye izinto zensimbi ezine-tungsten electrode argon arc welding. Lapho i-tungsten argon arc welding isebenzisa i-pulsed DC welding, imingcele ye-pulse ingashintshwa, ngakho-ke usayizi wokwakheka komthungo wokushisela ungalawulwa njengoba kudingeka. Lapho ushisela i-aluminium, i-magnesium nama-alloys awo nge-tungsten arc welding, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa umphumela wokuhlanza we-cathodic we-arc ukuhlanza ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni bezinto eziyisisekelo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-AC. Njengoba amapharamitha we-waveform we-square wave AC eguquguquka, umphumela wokushisela ungcono. .
Ngesikhathi sokushisela i-arc yensimbi, ukujula kokungena kwe-weld nobubanzi ekuxhumekeni kwe-DC reverse kukhulu kunalezo ezixhumene ngqo namanje, futhi ukujula nobubanzi bokushisela i-AC kuphakathi kwakho kokubili. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokushiselwa kwe-arc engaphansi kwamanzi, uxhumano lwe-DC reverse lusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukungena okukhulu; ngenkathi ngesikhathi sokushisela kwe-arc engaphansi kwamanzi, uxhumano lwe-DC phambili lusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukungena. Ngesikhathi sokushiselwa kwe-arc evikelwe igesi, ukujula kokungena akukukhulu kuphela ngesikhathi sokuxhunywa kwe-DC reverse, kodwa futhi izinqubo zokudlulisa i-arc kanye ne-droplet zokudlulisa zizinzile kunalezo ngesikhathi sokuxhuma okuqondile kwamanje kanye ne-AC, futhi futhi inomphumela wokuhlanza i-cathode, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi, kuyilapho ukuxhumana kwe-DC phambili kanye Nokuxhumana ngokuvamile akusetshenziswa.
2. Umthelela womumo wethiphu ye-tungsten, ububanzi bentambo nobude besandiso
I-engeli nokuma kwe-tungsten electrode front end kunethonya elikhulu ekugxilweni kwe-arc kanye nokucindezela kwe-arc, futhi kufanele kukhethwe ngokuhambisana nobukhulu be-welding current kanye nobukhulu be-weldment. Ngokuvamile, lapho i-arc igxilile futhi ingcindezi enkulu ye-arc, kukhulu ukujula kokungena kanye nokunciphisa okuhambisanayo kobubanzi bokungena.
Ngesikhathi se-gas metal arc welding, lapho i-welding current ihlala njalo, i-welding wire encane iyancipha, ukushisa kwe-arc kugxile kakhulu, ukujula kokungena kuzokwanda, futhi ububanzi bokungena buzokwehla. Kodwa-ke, lapho kukhethwa ububanzi bezintambo zokushisela kumaphrojekthi okushisela, ubukhulu bamanje kanye nokuma kwechibi elincibilikisiwe kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuze kugwenywe ukubunjwa okungalungile kokushisela.
Lapho ubude bokunwetshwa kwentambo yokushisela ekushiseni kwe-arc yensimbi yegesi bukhuphuka, ukushisa kokumelana okukhiqizwa amandla okushisela ngokusebenzisa ingxenye enwetshiwe yocingo lokushisela kuyanda, okwandisa isivinini sokuncibilika kocingo lokushisela, ngakho-ke ukuqiniswa kwe-weld kuyanda futhi ukujula kokungena kuncipha. Njengoba i-resistivity yocingo lokushisela insimbi inkulu kakhulu, umthelela wobude besandiso sentambo yokushisela ekubunjweni komthungo we-welding kubonakala kakhulu ensimbi kanye ne-fine wire welding. I-resistivity ye-aluminium welding wire incane futhi ithonya layo alibalulekile. Nakuba ukwandisa ubude bentambo yokushisela kungathuthukisa i-coefficient yokuncibilika kocingo lokushisela, uma kucatshangelwa ukuzinza kokuncibilika kwentambo yokushisela nokwakheka komphetho we-weld, kunobubanzi obuvumelekile bokuhlukahluka kubude besandiso sentambo yokushisela. i-welding wire.
5. Ithonya lezinye izici zenqubo ku-welding seam forming factor
Ngaphezu kwalezi zici zenqubo ezibalulwe ngenhla, ezinye izici zenqubo yokushisela, njengosayizi we-groove nosayizi wegebe, i-angle yokuthambekela ye-electrode kanye ne-workpiece, kanye nesimo sendawo sokuhlangana, kungathinta nokwakheka kwe-weld kanye nosayizi we-weld.
1. Ama-grooves namagebe
Lapho i-arc welding isetshenziselwa ukushisela amalunga ezinqeni, noma ngabe ukugcina igebe, ubukhulu begebe, kanye nesimo se-groove ngokuvamile kunqunywa ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bepuleti elishiselwe. Uma ezinye izimo zihlala njalo, ubukhulu be-groove noma igebe bukhulu, kuncane ukuqiniswa kwe-welded seam, okulingana nokuncipha kwesikhundla se-weld seam, futhi ngalesi sikhathi isilinganiso se-fusion siyancipha. Ngakho-ke, ukushiya izikhala noma ama-grooves okuvula kungasetshenziswa ukulawula usayizi wokuqiniswa nokulungisa isilinganiso sokuhlanganisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-beveling ngaphandle kokushiya igebe, izimo zokukhipha ukushisa kwazo zombili zihlukile. Ngokuvamile, izimo ze-crystallization ze-beveling zivuma kakhulu.
2. Electrode (welding wire) i-angle yokuthambekela
Ngesikhathi sokushisela i-arc, ngokobudlelwane phakathi kwesiqondiso sokutsheka kwe-electrode kanye nesiqondiso se-welding, ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: i-electrode yokutsheka phambili kanye ne-electrode yokutshekela emuva. Lapho intambo yokushisela itsheka, i-arc axis nayo iyatsheka ngokufanele. Lapho intambo yokushisela itshekela phambili, umthelela we-arc force ekukhipheni emuva kwensimbi yechibi elincibilikisiwe uba buthakathaka, ungqimba lwensimbi oluwuketshezi olungaphansi kwechibi elincibilikisiwe luba lukhulu, ukujula kokungena kuncipha, ukujula kwe-arc kungena. ku-weldment kuncipha, ububanzi bokuhamba kwendawo ye-arc buyakhula, futhi ububanzi obuncibilikisiwe buyanda, futhi ukuhlangana kuncipha. Incane i-engeli yangaphambili engu-α yocingo lokushisela, lo mphumela uba sobala kakhulu. Lapho ucingo lokushisela lutshekele emuva, isimo siphambene. Uma usebenzisa i-electrode arc welding, indlela ye-electrode back-tilt ivame ukusetshenziswa, futhi i-engeli yokuthambekela engu-α iphakathi kuka-65° no-80°.
3. I-angle yokuthambekela ye-weldment
Ukutsheka kwe-weldment kuvame ukuhlangana nakho ekukhiqizeni kwangempela futhi kungahlukaniswa kube ukushisela okuphakeme kwe-upslope kanye ne-downslope welding. Ngalesi sikhathi, insimbi yechibi elincibilikisiwe ivamise ukugeleza iye phansi emthambekeni ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi. Phakathi nokushisela umqansa, amandla adonsela phansi asiza insimbi yechibi elincibilikisiwe iye ngasemuva kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, ngakho ukujula kokungena kukhulu, ububanzi obuncibilikisiwe buncane, futhi ukuphakama okusele kukhulu. Uma i-engeli ye-upslope engu-α ingu-6° ukuya ku-12°, ukuqiniswa kukhulu kakhulu futhi ama-undercuts ajwayele ukwenzeka nhlangothi zombili. Ngesikhathi sokushisela i-downslope, lo mphumela uvimbela insimbi echibini elincibilikisiwe ukuthi ingakhishelwa ngemuva kwechibi elincibilikisiwe. I-arc ayikwazi ukushisa insimbi ngokujulile phansi kwechibi elincibilikisiwe. Ukujula kokungena kuyehla, ububanzi bokunyakaza kwendawo ye-arc buyakhula, ububanzi obuncibilikisiwe buyanda, nobude obusele buyancipha. Uma i-engeli yokuthambekela ye-weldment inkulu kakhulu, izoholela ekungeneni okwanele kanye nokuchichima kwensimbi ewuketshezi echibini elincibilikisiwe.
4. Weldment impahla kanye ukujiya
Ukungena kwe-weld kuhlobene ne-welding current, kanye ne-thermal conductivity kanye nomthamo wokushisa we-volumetric wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukushisa kwe-thermal yento engcono kakhulu kanye nomthamo wokushisa we-volumetric, ukushisa kuyadingeka ukuze kuncibilike umthamo weyunithi yensimbi futhi kukhuphule izinga lokushisa elifanayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ezifana Welding zamanje kanye nezinye izimo, ukujula Ukungena nobubanzi kuyoba Vele wehlise. Uma kukhulu ukuminyana kwento noma i-viscosity yoketshezi, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthi i-arc isuse uketshezi lwensimbi yechibi elincibilikisiwe, kanye nokushona okungajulile kokungena. Ubukhulu be-weldment buthinta ukuqhutshwa kokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-weldment. Uma ezinye izimo zifana, ubukhulu be-weldment buyanda, ukuchithwa kokushisa kuyanda, futhi ububanzi bokungena nokujula kokungena kuncipha.
5. I-Flux, i-electrode coating kanye negesi yokuvikela
Ukuqanjwa okuhlukile kwe-flux noma i-electrode coating kuholela ekwehleni kwe-voltage ye-polar ehlukene kanye nekholomu ye-arc engaba ama-gradients e-arc, okuzothinta nakanjani ukwakheka kwe-weld. Uma ukuminyana kwe-flux kukuncane, usayizi wezinhlayiyana mkhulu, noma ukuphakama kwe-stacking kuncane, ingcindezi ezungeze i-arc iphansi, ikholomu ye-arc iyakhula, futhi indawo ye-arc ihamba ngobubanzi obukhulu, ngakho ukujula kokungena kuncane, ububanzi obuncibilikayo bukhulu, futhi ukuphakama okusele kuncane. Lapho ushisela izingxenye eziwugqinsi nge-arc welding enamandla amakhulu, ukusebenzisa i-pumice-flux kunganciphisa ingcindezi ye-arc, kunciphise ukujula kokungena, futhi kwandise ububanzi bokungena. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-slag ye-welding kufanele ibe ne-viscosity efanele kanye nezinga lokushisa elincibilikayo. Uma i-viscosity iphezulu kakhulu noma izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo liphezulu, i-slag izoba nokungahambi kahle komoya, futhi kulula ukwenza imigodi eminingi yokucindezela ebusweni be-weld, futhi ukuguqulwa kwendawo ye-weld kuyoba mpofu.
Ukwakheka kwegesi evikelayo (njenge-Ar, He, N2, CO2) esetshenziswa ekushiseleni i-arc kuhlukile, futhi izakhiwo zayo ezingokomzimba ezifana ne-thermal conductivity zihlukile, ezithinta ukwehla kwengcindezi ye-polar ye-arc, i-gradient engaba khona ye-arc. ikholomu ye-arc, ingxenye yesiphambano esiqhutshwayo sekholomu ye-arc, namandla okugeleza kwe-plasma. , ukusatshalaliswa kokugeleza kokushisa okuqondile, njll., konke okuthinta ukwakheka kwe-weld.
Ngamafuphi, kunezici eziningi ezithinta ukwakheka kwe-weld. Ukuze uthole ukwakheka okuhle kwe-weld, udinga ukukhetha ngokusekelwe ezintweni kanye nokuqina kwe-weld, indawo yendawo yokushisela, ifomu elihlangene, izimo zokusebenza, izidingo zokusebenza okuhlangene kanye nosayizi we-weld, njll. Izindlela zokushisela ezifanele kanye izimo zokushisela zisetshenziselwa ukushisela, futhi into ebaluleke kakhulu isimo sengqondo somshiseli maqondana nokushisela! Uma kungenjalo, ukwakheka kwe-welding seam kanye nokusebenza kungase kungahlangabezani nezidingo, futhi kungase kwenzeke nokukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-27-2024
