Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kojantshi besitimela abahamba ngesivinini esikhulu kanye nabasindayo, ukwakheka kwethrekhi kancane kancane kuthathelwa indawo imigqa engenamthungo evela emigqeni evamile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemigqa evamile, ulayini ongenamthungo uqeda inani elikhulu lamajoyinti esitimela efektri, ngakho-ke unezinzuzo zokuhamba kahle, izindleko eziphansi zokulungisa ithrekhi, nempilo ende yesevisi. Sekuyiyona ndlela eyinhloko yokwakha ujantshi wesitimela onesivinini esikhulu njengamanje. Ulayini ongenazihibe uwubuchwepheshe obusha obubalulekile bomzila wesitimela. Ulayini owenziwe ngokushisela ama-rails ensimbi ajwayelekile abe amareyili amade obude obuthile, ukushisela nokubeka amareyili amade anobude obuthile kubizwa ngokuthi umugqa ongenamthungo. I-welding kajantshi iyingxenye ebalulekile yokubeka imigqa engenamthungo.
Njengamanje, izindlela zokushisela zamajoyinti wesitimela angenamthungo ikakhulukazi zifaka ukushisela othintana naye, ukushisela ingcindezi yegesi kanye nokushisela i-aluminothermic:
01 Xhumana nendlela yokushisela kanye nenqubo
I-Rail contact welding (i-flash welding) ivame ukusetshenziswa ekushiseleni kwasefekthri. I-95% yolayini ongenamthungo igcwaliswa yile nqubo, okungukuthi, ujantshi ojwayelekile onobude obungamamitha angama-25 futhi azikho izimbobo ezishiselwe ujantshi omude wamamitha angama-200-500.
Isimiso siwukusebenzisa amandla kagesi ukukhiqiza ukushisa endaweni yokuxhumana kaloliwe ukuze kuncibilike ingxenye yesiphetho sikajantshi, bese uqedela ukushisela ngokuphazamisa. Njengoba umthombo wokushisa we-welding wokuxhumana welding uvela emthonjeni wokushisa wangaphakathi we-workpiece, ukushisa kugxilile, isikhathi sokushisa sifushane, inqubo ye-welding ayidingi i-filler metal, inqubo ye-metallurgical ilula, indawo ethintekile ukushisa encane, futhi kulula ukuthola ikhwalithi engcono ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe.
Inqubo yokushisela eyamukelwa ifektri yokushisela isitimela iyafana, okuhlanganisa: ukufanisa ujantshi, ukutholwa kwamaphutha, ukulungisa ubuso bokuphela kukajantshi, ukungena esiteshini ukuze ushiselwe, ukushisela, ukugaya okungalungile, ukugaya kahle, ukuqondisa, ukujwayelekile, ukukhubazeka. ukutholwa, ukungena endaweni yesikhulumi, ukufaka Inqubo yokushisela ibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izinqubo. Izinga le-welding lihlobene ngokuqondile nomsebenzi wokulungiswa komugqa. Uma kunenkinga, kuzobeka engozini ukuphepha kokushayela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokushisela ujantshi, i-Flash welding inezinga eliphezulu lokuzishintshanisa futhi ayithinteki kangako izici zomuntu. Imishini yokushisela ifakwe ukulawula ikhompuyutha, nokuguquguquka okuncane kwekhwalithi yokushisela kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu kwe-welding. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-welding ye-gas pressure kanye ne-thermite welding, amandla omthungo othintana naye we-welding wesitimela aphakeme, futhi izinga lokuphuka kulayini lingaba ngu-0.5/10000 noma ngaphansi. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto eziyisisekelo, amandla ayo asephansi kunalawo ezinto eziyisisekelo ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:
(1) Umzila wesitimela uyinsimbi yebha enengxenye enkulu, futhi impahla yawo ewumgogodla impofu, inezindawo ezincibilikayo ezihlanganisiwe, okuxekethile, kanye nezinhlamvu ezimahhadla. Phakathi nenqubo yokushisela nokucasulayo, izinto ezisemaphethelweni ziyakhishwa, futhi izinto eziwumgogodla zithathelwa indawo ukunwetshwa kwangaphandle, futhi izicubu ze-fibrous ziyaphazamiseka futhi zigobe, futhi inani elikhulu lokucasula, lesi simo siba sobala kakhulu.
(2) Ngenxa yethonya elishisayo lokushisela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okusanhlamvu kuqinile endaweni engu-1-2mm ezungeze i-weld, futhi okusanhlamvu kuncishiswa ku-1-2 amamaki.
(3) Ingxenye yesiphambano sikajantshi ayilingani, phezulu nangaphansi kukajantshi kuyizingxenye ezihlangene, kanti amakhona amabili angaphansi kukajantshi ayizingxenye ezinwetshiwe. Izinga lokushisa lamakhona amabili ngaphansi kwesitimela liphansi ngesikhathi sokushisela. ukucindezeleka kwezinga lokushisa
(4) Kukhona amaphutha okunzima ukuwaqeda kwi-weld - amabala ampunga.
02 I-gas pressure welding welding indlela nenqubo
Njengamanje, i-welding ye-gas pressure welding of rails iwumshini omncane wokushisela ingcindezi yegesi ehambayo, esetshenziswa kakhulu ukushisela amalunga ojantshi abade esizeni, futhi ingasebenzisa ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka okuvaliwe ukushisela ojantshi abalimele.
Umgomo ukushisisa ubuso obushiselwe besitimela buyiswe esimweni sepulasitiki, futhi kukhiqize inani elicasulayo ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla aguquguqukayo aphazamisayo. Lapho inani elicasulayo lifinyelela inani elithile, ujantshi ushiselwa ube uphelele.
Imishini yamanje yokushisela umfutho womoya omncane ngokuyisisekelo iwukushisela kwasekhaya, futhi inqubo yokushisela ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezifana ne-oxy-acetylene flame preheating, pre-pressurization, low-pressure upsetting, high-pressure upsetting, kanye nokubamba ingcindezi nokuphusha. Kuyadingeka ukuvumelanisa ngesandla ama-rails futhi ubheke izimo zokushisa ngeso lenyama, ngakho-ke kuthinteka kakhulu izici zomuntu, futhi kujwayele ukushisela amaphutha ahlangene kanye nokukhubazeka okuhlangene.
Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi inezici zemishini elula, usayizi omncane kanye nesisindo esincane, kulula ukuyihambisa ku-inthanethi, ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi nasendaweni yokwakha, futhi ukusebenza kulula, ngakho-ke kusetshenziselwa ukushisela ama-rails amade endaweni yokwakha. .
03 Indlela yokushisela i-Thermite kanye nenqubo
Ukushisela i-Thermite ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ekushiseleleni ojantshi besitimela endaweni, futhi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokubeka ulayini, ikakhulukazi ukukhiya okungenamthungo nokulungiswa kwamareyili aphukile. I-aluminothermic welding of rails isekelwe ekubambisaneni kwamakhemikhali okuqinile phakathi kwe-aluminium ekugubheni komoya-mpilo ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu. Yehlisa izinsimbi ezisindayo futhi ikhiphe ukushisa ngesikhathi esifanayo, incibilikisa izinsimbi zibe insimbi encibilikisiwe ukuze zibunjwe futhi zishiselwe.
Inqubo ebalulekile ukubeka i-thermite flux elungisiwe ibe yi-crucible ekhethekile, ukushisa i-flux nge-high-temperature match, ukukhiqiza ukusabela okunamandla kwamakhemikhali, nokuthola insimbi encibilikisiwe ephezulu yokushisa kanye ne-slag. Ngemuva kokuthi ukusabela sekudambile, thela insimbi encibilikisiwe eshisa kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ku-Bonisa ama-rails esikhunjini sesihlabathi esishisiwe, ncibilikisa iziphetho zezinsimbi ezicibilikile ekubunjweni kwesihlabathi, susa isikhunta sesihlabathi ngemva kokupholisa, futhi ulolonge kabusha amalunga ashiselwe ngesikhathi. , futhi izingxenye ezimbili zomzila wesitimela zishiselwe zibe munye. Yize umshini wokushisela i-aluminothermic unezimpawu zokutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi, ukusebenza okulula kokushisela, kanye nokushelela okuhle kwejoyinti, umthungo we-weld uyisakhiwo esiwugqinsi esinokuqina okungesihle kanye nepulasitiki. Kungcono ukwenza ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe. .
Ngamafuphi, izinga lokushisela lama-rails amade kufanele libe ngcono nge-welding yokuxhumana kanye ne-gas pressure welding. Amandla okugcina, amandla okukhiqiza namandla okukhathala okuxhumana ne-welding kanye ne-gas pressure welding ingafinyelela ngaphezu kwe-90% yensimbi eyisisekelo. Izinga lokushisela i-aluminothermic libi kakhulu, amandla ayo okugcina angama-70% kuphela ensimbi eyisisekelo, amandla okukhathala abi nakakhulu, afinyelela kuphela ku-45% kuya ku-70% wesisekelo sensimbi, futhi amandla okukhiqiza angcono kancane, okuyinto iseduze naleyo yokushisela othintana naye.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-01-2023
