Ukuthuthukiswa kwemimese kunesikhundla esibalulekile emlandweni wokuthuthuka komuntu. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-28 kuya kwelama-20 BC, kwavela izigaxa zethusi nezigaxa zethusi, izimbobo, imimese neminye imimese yethusi. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi se-Warring States (ikhulu lesithathu BC), imimese yethusi yenziwa ngenxa yobungcweti bobuchwepheshe be-carburizing. Ama-drill namasaha ngaleso sikhathi ayenokufana okuthile nama-drill namasaha esimanje.
Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemimese kwafika nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini efana nezinjini ze-steam ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18.
Ngo-1783, uRené waseFrance waqala ukukhiqiza abasiki bokugaya. Ngo-1923, uSchrotter waseJalimane wasungula i-carbide enosimende. Lapho kusetshenziswa i-carbide enosimende, ukusebenza kahle kungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwensimbi enesivinini esikhulu, futhi ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokunemba kobukhulu bomsebenzi ocutshungulwa ngokusika nakho kuthuthukiswa kakhulu.
Ngenxa yenani eliphezulu lensimbi enesivinini esikhulu kanye ne-carbide enosimende, ngo-1938, i-German Degusa Company yathola ilungelo lobunikazi emimese yobumba. Ngo-1972, iGeneral Electric Company yase-United States yakhiqiza i-polycrystalline synthetic diamond kanye ne-polycrystalline cubic boron nitride blades. Lezi zinto ezingezona ezensimbi zamathuluzi zivumela ithuluzi ukuthi lisike ngesivinini esiphezulu.
Ngo-1969, i-Swedish Sandvik Steel Works yathola ilungelo lobunikazi lokukhiqiza okufakwe i-carbide ehlanganiswe ne-titanium carbide ngokufaka umhwamuko wamakhemikhali. Ngo-1972, i-Bangsha kanye ne-Lagolan e-United States bakha indlela yokubeka umhwamuko ongokoqobo ukuze kuhlanganiswe ungqimba oluqinile lwe-titanium carbide noma i-titanium nitride phezu kwe-carbide enosimende noma amathuluzi ensimbi anesivinini esikhulu. Indlela yokugqoka engaphezulu ihlanganisa amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina kwesisekelo sezinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka kwesendlalelo esingaphezulu, ukuze izinto ezihlanganisiwe zibe nokusebenza okungcono kokusika.
Ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukucindezela okukhulu, isivinini esikhulu, kanye nezingxenye ezisebenza kumithombo yezindaba eziwuketshezi olubolayo, kuya ngokuya kusetshenziswa izinto ezisetshenziswa kanzima emshinini, kanye nezinga lokuzenzekelayo lokucutshungulwa kanye nezidingo zokucubungula ukunemba ziya ngokuya zikhuphuka. . Lapho ukhetha i-engeli yethuluzi, kuyadingeka ukucabangela umthelela wezinto ezihlukahlukene, njengempahla yokusebenza, impahla yamathuluzi, izakhiwo zokucubungula (ezinzima, eziqedayo), njll., futhi kufanele zikhethwe ngokufanele ngokuvumelana nesimo esithile.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezijwayelekile: insimbi enesivinini esikhulu, i-carbide enosimende (kuhlanganise ne-cermet), izitsha zobumba, i-CBN (i-cubic boron nitride), i-PCD (idayimane le-polycrystalline), ngoba ubulukhuni bawo bunzima kuneyodwa, ngakho-ke ngokujwayelekile, ijubane lokusika liphinde libe mude kunomunye.
Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza kwethuluzi
Insimbi enesivinini esikhulu:
Ingahlukaniswa ngensimbi evamile enesivinini esiphezulu kanye nensimbi esebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu.
Insimbi evamile enesivinini esikhulu, njenge-W18Cr4V, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni imibese ehlukahlukene eyinkimbinkimbi. Ijubane layo lokusika ngokuvamile aliphezulu kakhulu, futhi liyi-40-60m/min lapho lisika izinto ezivamile zensimbi.
Insimbi esebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu, efana ne-W12Cr4V4Mo, incibilikiswa ngokwengeza okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, okuqukethwe kwe-vanadium, i-cobalt, i-aluminiyamu nezinye izici ensimbi evamile enesivinini esikhulu. Ukuqina kwayo izikhathi ezingu-1.5-3 kunensimbi evamile enesivinini esikhulu.
I-Carbide:
Ngokusho kwe-GB2075-87 (ngokubhekiselwa ku-190 standard), ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu: i-P, M, kanye ne-K. uphawu; Uhlobo lwe-M lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni izinsimbi ezingayoni. Futhi izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni, ezimakwe ngokuphuzi, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-alloys aqinile enhloso ejwayelekile, uhlobo lwe-K lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni izinsimbi ezingayoni, izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezinama-chips amafushane, amakwe ngokubomvu.
Izinombolo zesi-Arabhu ezingemuva kuka-P, M, kanye no-K zibonisa ukusebenza kwayo nomthwalo wokucubungula noma izimo zokucubungula. Isibalo esincane, sikhuphuka ubulukhuni futhi siba sibi nakakhulu.
izitsha zobumba:
Izinto ze-Ceramic zinokumelana okuhle kokugqoka futhi zingakwazi ukucubungula izinto ezilukhuni noma ezingenakwenzeka ukucubungula ngamathuluzi endabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuluzi okusika i-ceramic angaqeda ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okucubungula i-annealing, ngakho-ke angandisa futhi ubulukhuni be-workpiece futhi andise impilo yesevisi yemishini yomshini.
Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-ceramic blade nensimbi kuncane lapho ukusika, ukusika akulula ukunamathela ku-blade, futhi akulula ukukhiqiza unqenqema olwakhiwe, futhi lungenza ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, ubulukhuni obungaphezulu be-workpiece buphansi kakhulu. Ukuqina kwethuluzi kuphindwe izikhathi ezimbalwa noma izikhathi eziningi ngaphezu kwalokho kwamathuluzi endabuko, okunciphisa inani lezinguquko zamathuluzi ngesikhathi sokucubungula; ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ubulukhuni obuhle obomvu. Ingakwazi ukusika ngokuqhubekayo ku-1200°C. Ngakho-ke, ijubane lokusika lokufakwa kwe-ceramic lingaba phezulu kakhulu kune-carbide enosimende. Ingenza ukusika ngesivinini esiphezulu noma ibone "ishintsha ukugaya ngokujika nokugaya". Ukusebenza kahle kokusika kuphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-3-10 kunamathuluzi okusika endabuko, ukufeza umphumela wokulondoloza amahora omuntu, ugesi, nenani lamathuluzi omshini ngo-30-70% noma ngaphezulu.
I-CBN:
Lokhu kuyingxenye yesibili yobulukhuni eyaziwayo njengamanje. Ukuqina kweshidi lenhlanganisela ye-CBN ngokuvamile ku-HV3000~5000, elinokuqina okushisayo okuphezulu kanye nobulukhuni bokushisa okuphezulu, futhi linokumelana okuphezulu kwe-oxidation. I-oxidation iyenzeka, futhi akukho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka ngezinto ezisekelwe ensimbi ku-1200-1300 ° C. Ine-conductivity enhle yokushisa kanye ne-coefficient ephansi ye-friction.
I-PCD yedayimane ye-Polycrystalline:
Imimese yedayimane inezici zobulukhuni obuphezulu, amandla acindezelayo aphezulu, i-conductivity enhle yokushisa kanye nokumelana nokugqoka, futhi ingathola ukunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula nokusebenza kahle kokucubungula ekusikeni ngesivinini esikhulu. Njengoba ukwakheka kwe-PCD kuwumzimba wedayimane owenziwe kahle owenziwe ngedayimane onemikhombandlela ehlukene, ubulukhuni bawo nokumelana nokugqoka kusephansi kunalawo edayimane lekristalu elilodwa naphezu kokwengezwa kwesibopho. Ukuhlobana phakathi kwezinsimbi ezingezona ezoni kanye nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi kuncane kakhulu, futhi ama-chips akulula ukunamathela esihlokweni sethuluzi ukuze akhe unqenqema olwakhiwe ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
Izinkambu ezifanele zokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha:
Insimbi enesivinini esikhulu: isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezikhathini ezidinga ukuqina okuphezulu njengamathuluzi okwenza kanye nokuma okuyinkimbinkimbi;
I-carbide enosimende: uhla olubanzi kakhulu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, olukwazi ngokuyisisekelo;
I-Ceramics: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni imishini enzima kanye nesivinini esikhulu sezingxenye eziqinile eziphendukayo nezingxenye zensimbi;
I-CBN: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni eziqinile eziphendukayo kanye nomshini wejubane eliphezulu wezingxenye zensimbi ezisansimbi (ngokuvamile, zisebenza kahle kakhulu kune-ceramics mayelana nokumelana nokugqoka, ukuqina komthelela kanye nokumelana nokuphuka);
I-PCD: Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukusika okuphezulu kwezinsimbi ezingezona ayoni nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi.
Amathuluzi e-Xinfa CNC anekhwalithi enhle kakhulu nokuqina okuqinile, ukuze uthole imininingwane, sicela uhlole: https://www.xinfatools.com/cnc-tools/
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-02-2023
