Ngaphezu kokushaqeka okufanayo kukagesi, ukusha, nemililo njenge-arc welding manual, i-argon arc welding nayo inezinkambu ze-electromagnetic ze-high-frequency, imisebe ye-electrode, umonakalo wokukhanya kwe-arc, intuthu yokushisela, namagesi anobuthi anamandla kakhulu kune-arc welding manual. Okubaluleke kakhulu ugesi we-high frequency ne-ozone.
1. Ukuvimbela umonakalo ovela ezinkambini zikagesi ezisebenza ngamaza aphezulu
1. Ukukhiqizwa kanye nokulimala kwezinkundla zikagesi ezisebenza ngamaza aphezulu
Ku-tungsten arc welding kanye ne-plasma arc welding, ama-oscillator ama-high-frequency oscillator avame ukusetshenziselwa ukugqugquzela i-arc. Eminye imishini yokushisela i-arc arc ye-AC nayo isebenzisa ama-oscillator anemvamisa ephezulu ukuzinzisa i-arc. Imvamisa ye-oscillator ephezulu kakhulu evame ukusetshenziswa ekushiseleni imijikelezo eyizinkulungwane ezingama-200-500, i-voltage ingu-2500-3500 volts, umfutho wamanje we-high-frequency ingu-3-7 mA, kanti amandla kagesi acishe abe ngu-140-190 volts. /imitha. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kwama-welders ezindaweni eziphakeme ze-electromagnetic kungabangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa ye-autonomic kanye ne-neurasthenia. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukungezwani okuvamile, isiyezi, ukuphupha, ikhanda, ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, ukukhathala, ukungakuthandi ukudla, ukuqwasha kanye nomfutho wegazi ophansi.
Izilinganiso zezempilo eziyisethenjwa zezinkambu ze-electromagnetic ezinemvamisa ephezulu zibeka ukuthi amandla emisebe avunyelwe amahora angu-8 ochayeke angama-20 V/m. Ngokwezilinganiso, ukuqina kwenkambu ye-electromagnetic enemvamisa ephezulu etholwe yizo zonke izingxenye ze-welder ngesikhathi sokushisela i-tungsten arc welding yeqa izinga. Phakathi kwazo, ubukhulu besandla buphezulu kakhulu, budlula izinga lezempilo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-5. Uma i-oscillator ye-high-frequency oscillator isetshenziselwa ukushisa kwe-arc kuphela, umthelela uzoba mncane ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane, kodwa ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside nakho kuyingozi, futhi izinyathelo zokuzivikela eziphumelelayo kufanele zithathwe.
2. Izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngokumelene nezinkundla zikagesi ezisebenza ngamaza aphezulu
⑴ Ukuze uthole i-arc ignition nezinyathelo zokuzinzisa i-arc ku-argon arc welding, zama ukusebenzisa amadivayisi we-transistor pulse esikhundleni samadivayisi we-high-frequency oscillation, noma ukuvutha kwe-arc kuphela. Ngemuva kokuthi i-arc ivutha, nqamula ngokushesha amandla kagesi aphezulu.
⑵ Yehlisa imvamisa ye-oscillation, shintsha amapharamitha we-capacitor kanye ne-inductor, futhi wehlise imvamisa ye-oscillation ibe imijikelezo engu-30,000 ukunciphisa umthelela emzimbeni womuntu. ku
⑶ Ezintamboni ezivikelekile nezintambo, sebenzisa izintambo ezithambile eziboshwe ngethusi, uzibeke ngaphandle kwepayipi lekhebula (okuhlanganisa nezintambo ezikuthoshi lokushisela nasemshinini wokushisela), bese uzigaya. ku
⑷Ngenxa yokuthi i-voltage ye-high-frequency oscillation circuit iphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, kufanele ibe nokufaka okuhle nokuthembekile.
Imishini yokushisela i-Xinfa inezici zekhwalithi ephezulu nenani eliphansi. Ukuze uthole imininingwane, sicela uvakashele:Abakhiqizi Bezinto Zokushisela Nezokusika - Imboni Yokushisela Nokusika YaseChina Nabahlinzeki (xinfatools.com)
2. Ukuvimbela Ukulimala Kwemisebe
1. Imithombo kanye nezingozi zemisebe
I-electrode ye-thoriated tungsten esetshenziswa ku-argon arc welding kanye ne-plasma arc welding iqukethe i-1-1.2% thorium oxide. I-Thorium iwumthombo womsakazo othintwa imisebe phakathi nenqubo yokushisela nalapho uthintana nenduku ye-tungsten etholwe kahle.
Imisebe isebenza emzimbeni womuntu ngezindlela ezimbili: enye i-radiation yangaphandle, kanti enye imisebe yangaphakathi lapho ingena emzimbeni ngezinhlelo zokuphefumula nezokugaya. Inani elikhulu lophenyo kanye nezilinganiso ku-argon arc welding kanye ne-plasma arc welding kufakazele ukuthi izingozi zabo zomsakazo zincane uma kuqhathaniswa, ngoba kuphela i-100-200 mg ye-thoriated tungsten rod isetshenziswa nsuku zonke, futhi umthamo wemisebe mincane kakhulu futhi unokuncane. umthelela emzimbeni womuntu. . Kodwa-ke, kunezimo ezimbili okumelwe zinakwe: okokuqala, lapho i-welding esitsheni, umoya omncane awubushelelezi, futhi izinhlayiya ezinomsakazo emsini zingadlula izindinganiso zezempilo; okwesibili, lapho ugaya izinduku ze-thorium tungsten nalapho kukhona khona izinduku ze-thorium tungsten, ama-aerosol e-radioactive Futhi ukuhlushwa kothuli olukhipha imisebe kungafinyelela noma kudlule izindinganiso zezempilo. Ukungena kwezinto ezikhipha imisebe emzimbeni kungabangela ukugula okungapheli kwemisebe, okubonakaliswa ngokuyinhloko ekubuthakathaka kwesimo esivamile sokusebenza, ubuthakathaka obusobala nobuthakathaka, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukumelana nezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukulahlekelwa isisindo nezinye izimpawu. ku
2. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulimala kwemisebe
⑴Izinduku ze-tungsten ezishibhile kufanele zibe nesisetshenziswa sesitoreji esikhethekile. Uma egcinwe ngobuningi, kufanele afihlwe emabhokisini ensimbi futhi afakwe amapayipi okukhipha umoya.
⑵ Uma usebenzisa ikhava evaliwe yokushisela, ikhava akufanele ivulwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngesandla, isigqoko sokuzivikela somoya kufanele sigqoke noma ezinye izinyathelo ezisebenzayo kufanele zithathwe. ku
⑶ Isondo elikhethekile lokugaya kufanele lilungiswe ukuze kugaywe izinti ze-thoriated tungsten. I-grinder kufanele ifakwe izinto zokususa uthuli. Imfucumfucu yokugaya emhlabathini we-grinder kufanele ihlanzwe njalo ngokuhlanza okumanzi futhi igxilwe futhi igqitshwe ngokujulile. ku
⑷ Gqoka imaski yothuli lapho ugaya izinti ze-tungsten eziqinile. Ngemva kokuthintana nezinduku ze-tungsten ezinamandla, kufanele ugeze izandla zakho ngamanzi agelezayo nensipho, futhi uhlanze izingubo zakho zokusebenza namagilavu njalo. ku
⑸Khetha ukucaciswa okuphusile lapho ushisela futhi usikwa ukuze ugweme ukushiswa ngokweqile kwenduku ye-tungsten enethoriated. ku
⑹ Zama ukungasebenzisi izinduku ze-tungsten ezinamandla kodwa sebenzisa izinti ze-cerium tungsten noma izinti ze-yttrium tungsten, ngoba lezi ezimbili zokugcina azinawo umsakazo.
3. Vimbela ukulimala kokukhanya kwe-arc
1. Izingozi zemisebe ye-arc
Imisebe ye-arc yokushisela ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukukhanya okubonakalayo, imisebe ye-infrared kanye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Zisebenza emzimbeni womuntu futhi zimuncwa izicubu zomuntu, zibangele imiphumela eshisayo, ye-photochemical noma ye-ionization ezicutshini, okubangela ukulimala kwezicubu zomuntu.
⑴ Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet Ubude begagasi bemisebe ye-ultraviolet buphakathi kwama-microns angu-0.4-0.0076. Lapho ubude begagasi buba mfishane, bukhulu umonakalo webhayoloji. Isikhumba somuntu namehlo azwela kakhulu ekuchayekeni ngokweqile emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Ngaphansi kwesenzo semisebe eqinile ye-ultraviolet, isikhumba singabangela i-dermatitis, ne-erythema ebonakala esikhumbeni, njengokungathi iye yachayeka elangeni, ngisho namabhamuza amancane, i-exudate kanye ne-edema, ngokuvutha, ukulunywa, ukuzwela, futhi kamuva kube mnyama. . Ukucwecwa. Amehlo azwela kakhulu emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Ukuchayeka okwesikhashana kungabangela i-keratoconjunctivitis eyingozi, ebizwa ngokuthi i-electrophoto ophthalmia. Izimpawu ziwubuhlungu, ukuhwalala, izinyembezi ezidlulele, i-photophobia, ukwesaba umoya, nokungaboni kahle. Ngokuvamile, Ngeke kube khona ukulandelana. ku
Imisebe ye-ultraviolet ye-arc ye-welding inamandla anamandla okulimaza imicu, futhi izindwangu zekotini ziwonakele kakhulu. Indwangu emhlophe inokumelana okuqinile nemisebe ye-UV ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo. Imisebe ye-ultraviolet ekhiqizwa i-argon arc welding iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-5-10 kune-manual arc welding, futhi umonakalo mkhulu kakhulu. Izingubo zokusebenza ze-argon arc welding kufanele zenziwe ngezindwangu ezimelana ne-asidi njenge-tweed nosilika we-oki.
⑵I-infrared ray Ubude beza beza be-infrared buphakathi kwama-microns angu-343-0.76. Ukulimala kwayo okuyinhloko emzimbeni womuntu umphumela oshisayo wezicubu. Imisebe ye-infrared yamagagasi amade ingamuncwa umzimba womuntu, ibangele abantu bazizwe kushisa; imisebe ye-infrared yamagagasi amafushane ingamuncwa izicubu, ibenze bazizwe kushisa.
Kushisisa igazi nezicubu ezijulile, kubangele ukusha. Phakathi nenqubo yokushisela, amehlo akho azovezwa emisebeni eqinile ye-infrared, futhi ngokushesha uzozwa ukushisa okunamandla nobuhlungu obuvuthayo, futhi kuzokwenzeka ama-hallucinations e-flash. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kungase futhi kubangele i-cataract ye-infrared, ukulahlekelwa ukubona, futhi ezimeni ezinzima, ubumpumputhe. Kungase futhi kubangele ukusha kwe-retina.
⑶Ukukhanya okubonakalayo Ukushintsha kokukhanya kokukhanya okubonakalayo kwe-arc yokushisela kukhulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-10,000 kunokushintsha kokukhanya okungabekezelelwa ngeso lenyama. Lapho echayeke emisebeni, amehlo angase abe buhlungu futhi angakwazi ukubona kahle okwesikhashana. I-arc ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-dazzling", futhi ikhono lokusebenza lilahlekile ngesikhathi esifushane, kodwa lingabuyiselwa maduze. ku
2. Ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni kwe-arc yokushisela
Ukuze uvikele amehlo emonakalweni wokukhanya kwe-arc, ama-welders kufanele agqoke imaski ngesihlungi esikhethekile lapho beshisela. Imaski yenziwe ngekhadibhodi yensimbi emnyama, emise kahle, engasindi, engashisi, ayihambisani, futhi ayivuzi ukukhanya. Ilensi yokuhlunga efakwe kumaski, evame ukwaziwa ngengilazi emnyama, ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengelensi yokuhlunga. Ukukhethwa kwayo kobumnyama kufanele kunqunywe ngokuvumelana nokuqina kwe-welding current. Umbono we-welder kanye nokukhanya kwendawo yokushisela kufanele kucatshangelwe. Abashisela abasebasha banamehlo amahle futhi kufanele basebenzise amalensi okuhlunga anemibala emikhulu nemnyama. Lapho ushisela ebusuku noma endaweni emnyama, amalensi amnyama kufanele nawo akhethwe.
Kunohlobo lwelensi evikelayo ekhanyayo engabonisa ukukhanya kwe-arc okuqinile, yenze buthaka ukuqina kokukhanya kwe-arc okulimaza amehlo, futhi ivikele kangcono amehlo. Kukhona ne-photoelectric lens ekwazi ukulungisa ukukhanya ngokuzenzakalelayo. Inokukhanya okuhle lapho i-arc ingavutha futhi ikwazi ukubona kahle indawo ngaphandle kwesibuko. Lapho i-arc ivutha, ubumnyama bezibuko buzojula ngokushesha futhi bungakwazi ukuvimba ukukhanya kahle. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo sokuphakamisa imaski noma ukupheqa izibuko zokuzivikela lapho ushintsha izinduku zokushisela.
Ukuze uvimbele isikhumba somshiseli ekulimaleni kwe-arc, izingubo zokuzivikela zomshiseli kufanele zenziwe ngekhanvasi enombala okhanyayo noma emhlophe ukuze kwandiswe ikhono elikhanyayo lokukhanya kwe-arc. Izikhwama zezingubo zokusebenza kufanele zibe mnyama. Lapho usebenza, ama-cuffs kufanele aboshwe ngokuqinile, amagilavu kufanele abekwe ngaphandle kwama-cuffs, ikhola kufanele iboshwe, imilenze yebhulukwe akufanele ihliswe, futhi isikhumba akufanele sivezwe.
Ukuze kuvinjwe izisebenzi ezisizayo nezinye izisebenzi eziseduze nendawo yokushisela ukuthi zingalinyazwa ukukhanya kwe-arc, kufanele babambisane, zibingelele ngaphambi komlilo, futhi izisebenzi ezisizayo kumelwe zigqoke izibuko ezinemibala. Uma ushisela endaweni engaguquki, kufanele kusetshenziswe isikrini esivikela ukukhanya.
Izingozi zamagesi anobuthi
Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu kanye nemisebe eqinile ye-ultraviolet ye-arc welding, izinhlobonhlobo zamagesi ayingozi akhiwa eduze kwendawo ye-arc, phakathi kwayo i-ozone, i-nitrogen oxides, i-carbon monoxide ne-hydrogen fluoride yizona eziyinhloko.
1. I-Ozone Oxygen esemoyeni ibhekana nokusabela kwe-photochemical ngaphansi kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet yamaza amafushane ukuze ikhiqize i-ozone (O3). I-ozone igesi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokukhanyayo enephunga elimnandi. Lapho ukugxila kuphezulu, kunephunga elimnandi; lapho ukugxila kuphakeme, kunokunambitheka okumuncu kancane ephunga lezinhlanzi. Umonakalo wawo omkhulu emzimbeni womuntu ukuthi unomphumela onamandla oshukumisayo emgudwini wokuphefumula nasemaphashini. Lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-ozone kudlula umkhawulo othile, kuvame ukubangela ukukhwehlela, umphimbo owomile, ulimi olomile, ukucinana kwesifuba, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukukhathala, isiyezi, isicanucanu, ubuhlungu obuvamile, njll. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma welding esitsheni esivaliwe nge ukungenwa kahle komoya, kungase futhi kubangele i-bronchitis.
Ngokwezilinganiso, ukugxilwa kwe-ozone endaweni yokushisela kuhlobene nezinto ezifana nezindlela zokushisela, izinto zokushisela, amagesi okuvikela, kanye nokucaciswa kokushisela.
Ngokwemiphumela yophenyo nocwaningo kumasayithi okukhiqiza ezweni lami, izinga lokuhlanzeka lokuhlushwa kwe-ozone ngu-0.3 mg/m3.
2. I-nitrogen oxides I-nitrogen oxides ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela akhiwa ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-arc, okubangela ukuhlukana nokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwama-molecule e-nitrogen ne-oksijini emoyeni. Ama-nitrogen oxide nawo angamagesi anobuthi acasulayo, kodwa anobuthi obuncane kune-ozone. Ama-nitrogen oxide ikakhulukazi anomphumela ovuselelayo emaphashini.
Izici ezithinta ukugcwala kwe-nitrogen oxide zifana ne-ozone. Ngesikhathi sokushisela i-argon arc kanye ne-plasma arc welding, uma izinyathelo zokungenisa umoya zingathathwa, ukugcwala kwama-nitrogen oxides kuvame ukudlula izindinganiso zezempilo izikhathi ezingaphezu kweshumi noma izikhathi eziningi. Izwe lethu libeka ukuthi izinga lezempilo le-nitrogen oxides (eguqulwa libe =i-nitrogen oxide) ngu-5 mg/m3.
Phakathi nenqubo yokushisela, amathuba okuba khona kwe-nitrogen oxides eyedwa mancane kakhulu. Ngokuvamile i-ozone ne-nitrogen oxides zikhona ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngakho-ke zinobuthi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukuba khona kwamagesi anobuthi amabili ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyingozi izikhathi ezingu-15-20 kunegesi elilodwa elinobuthi.
3. I-Carbon monoxide I-Carbon monoxide yakhiwa ukubola kwe-carbon dioxide gas ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-arc. Zonke izinhlobo ze-arc welding evulekile zizokhiqiza igesi ye-carbon monoxide, phakathi kwayo i-carbon dioxide shielded welding ikhiqiza ukugxila okuphezulu kakhulu. Ngokwezilinganiso, ukugxiliswa kwe-carbon monoxide eduze kwe-mask yomshiseli kungafinyelela ku-300 mg/m3, ephakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi kunezinga lezempilo. I-carbon monoxide ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushiselwa kwe-arc ye-plasma nayo iphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ukusebenza endaweni engenawo umoya ohlanzekile.
Kukhona cishe u-1% we-carbon monoxide emsini we-arc welding, futhi ukugxila esitsheni esivaliwe esinomoya ophansi ongafinyelela ku-15 mg/m3. izindinganiso zezempilo zezwe lami zikhomba ukuthi ukugcwala kwe-carbon monoxide ngu-30 mg/m3.
I-Carbon monoxide iyigesi ephefumulayo. Umthelela wayo onobuthi emzimbeni womuntu uwukuvimbela ukuthuthwa komoyampilo emzimbeni noma umsebenzi wokumuncwa komoyampilo kwezicubu, okubangela i-tissue hypoxia kanye nochungechunge lwezimpawu nezimpawu ze-hypoxia. Izimpawu ze-acute carbon monoxide poisoning yilezi: ikhanda, isiyezi, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, ubuthakathaka emilenzeni, ngisho nomuzwa wokuquleka. Uma usuka endaweni yesehlakalo ngokushesha futhi uphefumule umoya omusha, izimpawu zizoshabalala ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngaphezu kokwanda kwalezi zimpawu ezingenhla, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo liyakhula, umuntu akakwazi ukunyakaza, angene ekhoma, futhi angase abe nzima nakakhulu ngenxa yezimpawu ezifana nokuphuma kobuchopho, i-pulmonary edema, ukulimala kwe-myocardial, kanye nesigqi senhliziyo. iziyaluyalu. I-Carbon monoxide ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisela ikakhulukazi inemiphumela engapheli emzimbeni womuntu. Ukuhogela umoya isikhathi eside kungabangela i-neurasthenia efana nekhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, ibala eliphaphathekile, ubuthakathaka bezitho zomzimba, ukuncipha kwesisindo, nokungakhululeki okuvamile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-22-2024
