Okokuqala nje, ukuqedwa kwengaphezulu kanye nokuqina kwengaphezulu kuwumqondo ofanayo, kanti ukuqedwa kwengaphezulu kungelinye igama lokushoshela kwendawo. Ukuqedwa okungaphezulu kuhlongozwa ngokuya ngephoyinti lokubuka labantu, kuyilapho ubulukhuni bobuso buhlongozwa ngokuya ngejiyomethri engabonakali yangempela yendawo. Ngenxa yokuxhumana nezinga lamazwe ngamazwe (i-ISO), i-China yamukela ukuhwaqazeka kwendawo futhi yaqeda ukuqedwa kwendawo ngemva kweminyaka yawo-1980. Ngemva kokumenyezelwa kwezindinganiso zikazwelonke zokuma okungaphezulu kwe-GB3505-83 kanye ne-GB1031-83, ukuphela kwendawo akusasetshenziswa.
Kukhona ithebula lokuqhathanisa elihambisanayo lokuqedwa komphezulu kanye nokuqina kwendawo. Ukuqina kunefomula yokubala, kuyilapho ukushelela kungaqhathaniswa kuphela nesampula yegeji. Ngakho-ke, ubulukhuni bungokwesayensi futhi buqinile kunokushelela.
Ukucwebezela kobuso kubonisa ubukhulu bokubonakaliswa kokukhanya okusabalalisayo endaweni engaphezulu yento. Emehlweni enyama, uma ukubonakala kwe-surface diffuse kunamandla, kuseduze nomphumela wesibuko, futhi ukucwebezela kuphezulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma i-surface diffuse reflection ibuthakathaka, ukucwebezela kuphansi, ngakho ukucwebezela kubizwa nangokuthi i-mirror glossiness. Izici ezithinta isicwebezelisi sendawo engaphezulu zihlobene nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo zendawo kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali zezinto ezisetshenziswa phezulu. Indlela yokuthola isicwebezelisi sesibuko sobuso bento idinga ukusetshenziswa kwemitha yesicwebezelisi esingaphezulu.
Ubulukhuni bobuso busho ukungalingani kwezikhala ezincane neziqongo nezigodi endaweni ecutshunguliwe. Ibanga (ibanga lamagagasi) phakathi kweziqongo ezimbili noma izigodi ezimbili lincane kakhulu (lingaphansi kuka-1mm), okungelephutha lesimo sejiyomethri encane kakhulu. Uma buncane ubulukhuni obungaphezulu, ingaphezulu liba bushelelezi.
Ubulukhuni bobuso ngokuvamile bakheka indlela yokucubungula esetshenziswayo nezinye izici, njengokungqubuzana phakathi kwethuluzi nobuso bengxenye ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki yensimbi engaphezulu ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwe-chip, kanye nokudlidliza kwe-high-frequency kule nqubo. uhlelo. Ngenxa yomehluko wezindlela zokucubungula kanye nezinto zokusebenza, ukujula, ukuminyana, ukuma nokuthungwa kwamamaki asele endaweni ecutshunguliwe kuhlukile.
Ubulukhuni bobuso buhlobene eduze nezakhiwo ezifanayo, ukumelana nokugqokwa, amandla okukhathala, ukuqina kokuxhumana, ukudlidliza nomsindo wezingxenye eziwumshini, futhi kunomthelela obalulekile empilweni yesevisi nokwethembeka kwemikhiqizo eyimishini. I-Ra ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukumaka.
Umthelela wokuhwalala kwengaphezulu ezingxenyeni ubonakala ngokuyinhloko kulezi zici ezilandelayo: Uma indawo engaphezulu ilukhuni, incane indawo yokuxhumana ephumelelayo phakathi kwezindawo ezifanayo, ingcindezi enkulu, ukumelana nokushwibilika okukhulu, kanye nokuguga ngokushesha.
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Ithonya ekuzinzeni kokufaneleka Ukuze kuvunyelwe imvume, indawo engaphezulu, kulula ukugqoka, okwenza igebe landa kancane kancane phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza; ngokulingana kokuphazamiseka, njengoba iziqongo ze-convex ezincane kakhulu zimpintshana zibe phansi ngesikhathi sokuhlangana, ukuphazamiseka kwangempela okusebenzayo kuyehla, futhi amandla okuxhumana ayancishiswa.
Ithinta amandla okukhathala Izingxenye eziqinile zinemikhombe emikhulu ezindaweni zazo, ezizwelayo ekugxilweni kwengcindezi njengamanotshi abukhali nemifantu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte amandla okukhathala kwezingxenye.
Ithinta ukumelana nokugqwala Izingxenye ezimangelengele zenza kube lula ukuthi amagesi abolayo noma uketshezi lungene engxenyeni engaphakathi yensimbi ngezigodi ezincane ezingaphezulu, okubangela ukugqwala kwendawo.
Okuthinta ukuvalwa kwezindawo ezimangelengele azikwazi ukuhlangana ziqine, futhi amagesi noma uketshezi kuphuma ezikhaleni phakathi kwendawo ethintwayo.
Okuthinta ukuqina kokuxhumana Ukuqina kokuxhumana yikhono lendawo ehlangene yengxenye ukumelana nokuguqulwa kokuxhumana ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle. Ukuqina komshini kuncike kakhulu ekuqineni kokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye.
Kuthinta ukunemba kwesilinganiso Ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bendawo elinganiselwe yengxenye kanye nendawo yokulinganisa yethuluzi lokulinganisa kuzothinta ngokuqondile ukunemba kokulinganisa, ikakhulukazi ekukaleni ngokunemba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugoqa okuphezulu kuzoba namazinga ahlukahlukene ethonya ekunambeni, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal kanye nokumelana nokuxhumana, ikhono lokubonisa kanye nokusebenza kwemisebe yengxenye, ukumelana nokugeleza koketshezi namagesi, kanye nokugeleza kwamandla ebusweni bomqhubi. .
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-03-2024
