1. Laser welding
I-Laser Welding: Imisebe ye-laser ishisa indawo engaphezulu ukuze icutshungulwe, futhi ukushisa okungaphezulu kusakazekela ngaphakathi ngokuqhutshwa kokushisa. Ngokulawula amapharamitha we-laser afana nobubanzi be-laser pulse, amandla, amandla aphezulu kanye nemvamisa yokuphindaphinda, ucezu lokusebenza luyancibilika ukwenza ichibi elithile elincibilikisiwe.
▲Spot welding izingxenye ezishiselwe
▲I-laser welding eqhubekayo
I-laser welding ingafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa imishayo ye-laser eqhubekayo noma eshaywayo. Izimiso zokushisela i-laser zingahlukaniswa zibe ukushisa kwe-welding kanye ne-laser deep penetration welding. Uma ukuminyana kwamandla kungaphansi kuka-10 ~ 10 W/cm, kuyi-welding conduction wokushisa, lapho ukujula kokungena kungashoni futhi ijubane lokushisela lihamba kancane; lapho ukuminyana kwamandla kungaphezu kuka-10 ~ 10 W/cm, indawo yensimbi igoqeka ibe "imbobo" ngenxa yokushisa, yakha i-weld yokungena ejulile, enezici zejubane lokushisela okusheshayo nokujula okukhulu kuya kobubanzi. isilinganiso.
Imishini yokushisela i-Xinfa inezici zekhwalithi ephezulu nenani eliphansi. Ukuze uthole imininingwane, sicela uvakashele:Abakhiqizi Bezinto Zokushisela Nezokusika - Imboni Yokushisela Nokusika YaseChina Nabahlinzeki (xinfatools.com)
Ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-laser busetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yokukhiqiza enembayo ephezulu njengezimoto, imikhumbi, izindiza, nezitimela ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu. Lethe ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo kwikhwalithi yokuphila yabantu futhi yaholela imboni yemishini yasendlini enkathini yokukhiqiza okunembayo.
Ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuthi iVolkswagen idale ubuchwepheshe bokushisela obungenamthungo obungamamitha angu-42, obuthuthukise kakhulu ubuqotho nokuzinza kwenkampani yezimoto, iHaier Group, okuyinkampani ehamba phambili yezinto zikagesi zasendlini, yethule kahle umshini wokuwasha wokuqala okhiqizwe ngobuchwepheshe bokushisela okungenamthungo. Ubuchwepheshe be-laser obusezingeni eliphezulu bungaletha izinguquko ezinkulu ezimpilweni zabantu. 2
2. Laser hybrid Welding
I-laser hybrid welding iyinhlanganisela ye-laser beam welding kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushisela be-MIG ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokushisela ongcono kakhulu, ikhono lokuvala ibhuloho elisheshayo nelishiselayo, futhi njengamanje kuyindlela yokushisela ethuthuke kakhulu.
Izinzuzo ze-laser hybrid welding yilezi: isivinini esisheshayo, ukuguqulwa okuncane kokushisa, indawo encane ethintekile ukushisa, nokuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwensimbi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ze-weld.
Ngokungeziwe ekushiseleni izingxenye zesakhiwo sepuleti elincane lezimoto, i-laser hybrid welding nayo ilungele ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Isibonelo, lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amaphampu kakhonkolo kanye nama-mobile crane booms. Lezi zinqubo zidinga ukucutshungulwa kwensimbi ephezulu. Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko buvame ukwandisa izindleko ngenxa yesidingo sezinye izinqubo ezisizayo (njengokushisa kuqala).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe bungasetshenziswa futhi ekwakhiweni kwezimoto zikaloliwe kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi ezivamile (njengamabhuloho, amathangi kaphethiloli, njll.).
3. I-Friction ivuselela ukushisela
I-Friction stir welding isebenzisa ukushisa kwe-friction kanye nokushisa kwe-plastic deformation njengemithombo yokushisa yokushisela. Inqubo yokushisela i-friction iwukuthi inaliti enyakazayo yesilinda noma enye ijamo (njengesilinda elinentambo) ifakwa ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-workpiece, futhi ukujikeleza kwekhanda lokushisela ngesivinini esikhulu kubangela ukuthi ihlikihle kucezu lokushisela. impahla, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulisa izinga lokushisa lempahla engxenyeni yokuxhuma futhi iyithambisa.
Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-welding ye-friction, i-workpiece kumele igxilwe ngokuqinile ku-backing pad, futhi ikhanda le-welding lijikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu ngenkathi lihamba ngokuhlobene nomsebenzi wokusebenzela eduze nokuhlangana kwendawo yokusebenza.
Ingxenye ephumayo yekhanda lokushisela idlulela ezintweni zokungqubuzana nokunyakazisa, futhi ihlombe lekhanda lokushisela likhiqiza ukushisa ngokungqubuzana nobuso be-workpiece, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuchichima kwezinto ezibonakalayo zepulasitiki, futhi zingase futhi. dlala indima ekususeni ifilimu ye-oxide engaphezulu.
Ekupheleni kwe-friction stir weld, imbobo kakhiye ishiywa endaweni yokugcina. Ngokuvamile le mbobo kakhiye inganqanyulwa noma ivalwe ngezinye izindlela zokushisela.
I-Friction stir welding ingakwazi ukubona ukushisela phakathi kwezinto ezihlukene ezifana nezinsimbi, izitsha zobumba, amapulasitiki, njll. ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
4. Electron ugongolo welding
I-Electron beam welding iyindlela yokushisela esebenzisa amandla okushisa akhiqizwa i-electron beam esheshisiwe futhi egxilile ebhomba i-weldment ebekwe endaweni engenalutho noma engeyona i-vacuum.
I-Electron beam welding isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi ezifana ne-aerospace, amandla e-athomu, imboni yezokuvikela kazwelonke kanye nezempi, izimoto, nezinsimbi zikagesi nezikagesi ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zokungabi nesidingo sezinduku zokushisela, akulula ukwenza i-oxidize, inqubo enhle yokuphindaphinda, futhi i-deformation encane yokushisa.
Isimiso sokusebenza se-electron beam welding
Ama-electron aphuma ku-emitter (cathode) kusibhamu se-electron. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-voltage esheshayo, ama-electron asheshiselwa ku-0.3 kuya ku-0.7 izikhathi zejubane lokukhanya, futhi abe namandla athile e-kinetic. Bese, ngokusebenza kwelensi kagesi kanye nelensi kazibuthe kagesi kusibhamu se-electron, ahlanganiswa abe yi-electron beam enezinga eliphezulu lokuminyana.
Le nsimbi ye-electron ishaya phezu kwendawo yokusebenza, futhi amandla e-electron kinetic aguqulwa abe amandla okushisa, okwenza insimbi incibilike futhi ihwamuke ngokushesha. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-high-pressure metal vapor, imbobo encane "ibhola" ngokushesha phezu kwendawo yokusebenza, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-keyhole". Njengoba ugongolo lwe-electron kanye nocezu lokusebenza kunyakaza ngokuhlobene, insimbi ewuketshezi igeleza izungeze imbobo encane iye ngemuva kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, futhi iphole futhi iqine ukuze yakhe ukushisela.
▲ Umshini wokushisela i-electron beam
Izici eziyinhloko ze-electron beam welding
I-electron beam inamandla okungena aqinile, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kakhulu, isilinganiso esikhulu sokujula nobubanzi be-weld, kufika ku-50:1, ingakwazi ukubona ukwakheka kwezinto eziwugqinsi ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ubukhulu bokushisela bufinyelela ku-300mm.
Ukufinyeleleka okuhle kokushisela, isivinini sokushisela esisheshayo, ngokuvamile esingaphezu kuka-1m/min, indawo encane ethinteke ekushiseni, ukuguqulwa okuncane kokushisela, kanye nokunemba kwesakhiwo sokushisela okuphezulu.
Amandla e-electron beam angashintshwa, ukushuba kwensimbi eshiselwe kungaba kusuka kuncane njengo-0.05mm kuya ku-300mm obukhulu, ngaphandle kwe-beveling, ukwakheka kwe-welding yesikhathi esisodwa, okungatholakali ngezinye izindlela zokushisela.
Uhla lwezinto ezingashiselwa nge-electron ugongolo likhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, lifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukushiselwa kwezinsimbi ezisebenzayo, izinsimbi eziphikisayo nezinsimbi zokusebenza ezinezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu.
5. Ultrasonic metal welding
I-Ultrasonic metal welding iyindlela ekhethekile yokuxhuma izinsimbi ezifanayo noma ezingafani usebenzisa amandla okudlidliza omshini wemvamisa ye-ultrasonic.
Uma insimbi ishiselwe nge-ultrasonically, akukho mthombo wamanje wokushisa wamanje noma ophezulu osetshenziswa ku-workpiece. Iguqula kuphela amandla okudlidliza ozimele abe umsebenzi wokungqubuzana, amandla okuguqula nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe endaweni yokusebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi emile. Isibopho se-metallurgical phakathi kwamalunga wukushisela okuqinile okutholakala ngaphandle kokuncibilikisa okubalulekile komzali.
Inqoba ngokuphumelelayo i-spatter kanye ne-oxidation phenomena ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela ukumelana. I-ultrasonic metal welder ingenza i-single-point welding, i-multi-point welding kanye ne-short-strip welding ezintanjeni ezincane noma amashidi amancane ezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi njengethusi, isiliva, i-aluminium ne-nickel. Ingasetshenziswa kabanzi ekushiseleni umkhondo we-thyristor, amashidi we-fuse, umkhondo kagesi, izingcezu zesigxobo sebhethri ye-lithium kanye nezindlebe zesigxobo.
I-Ultrasonic metal welding isebenzisa amaza okudlidliza anemvamisa ephezulu ukuze idlulisele endaweni yensimbi ukuze ishiselwe. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi, izindawo ezimbili zensimbi ziyagudlana ukuze zakhe ukuhlangana phakathi kwezingqimba zamangqamuzana.
Izinzuzo ze-ultrasonic metal welding ziyashesha, zonga amandla, amandla e-fusion aphezulu, ukuhamba kahle, azikho izinhlansi, futhi ziseduze nokucubungula okubandayo; ukungalungi ukuthi izingxenye zensimbi ezishiselwe azikwazi ukushuba kakhulu (ngokuvamile zingaphansi noma zilingane no-5mm), iphuzu lokushisela alikwazi ukuba likhulu kakhulu, futhi ingcindezi iyadingeka.
6. Flash butt welding
Umgomo we-flash butt welding ukusebenzisa umshini wokushisela izinqe ukwenza insimbi kuzo zombili iziphetho ukuthintana, idlulise i-low-voltage yamanje enamandla, futhi ngemva kokuba insimbi ishisiselwe izinga lokushisa elithile futhi ithambe, ukufoja kwe-axial kuyenziwa ukwakha. i-butt welding joint.
Ngaphambi kokuthi ama-welds amabili axhumane, acindezelwa ngama-electrode amabili okubamba futhi axhunywe kugesi. I-clamp ehambayo iyasuswa, futhi ubuso bokugcina bamashisela amabili buxhumene kancane futhi buvulelwe ukufudumeza. Iphuzu lokuxhumana lakha insimbi ewuketshezi ngenxa yokushisisa nokuqhuma, futhi izinhlansi ziyafuthwa ukuze zenze ukukhanya. I-clamp ehambayo inyakaziswa ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ukukhanya kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo. Iziphetho ezimbili ze-weld ziyashiswa. Ngemva kokufinyelela izinga elithile lokushisa, ubuso bokugcina bezinto zokusebenza ezimbili buyacindezelwa, amandla okushisela ayanqanyulwa, futhi ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile ndawonye.
Iphuzu lokuxhumana likhanya ngokushisa i-weld joint nge-resistance, ukuncibilikisa insimbi yobuso bokuphela kwe-weld, futhi amandla aphezulu asetshenziswa ngokushesha ukuze aqedele ukushisela.
I-Rebar flash butt welding iyindlela yokushisela ingcindezi ebeka ama-rebar amabili ngendlela ehlanganiswe izinqe, isebenzisa ukushisa okuqinile okukhiqizwa amandla okushisela adlula endaweni yokuxhumana yezinsimbi ezimbili ukuze incibilikise insimbi endaweni yokuxhumana, ikhiqize isiphala esinamandla. , yenza ukukhanya, kuhambisane nephunga elimnandi, ikhiphe ama-molecule e-trace, futhi isebenzise ngokushesha amandla okubumba aphezulu ukuze kuqedelwe inqubo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-21-2024
