Nakuba ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yesistimu enkulu kakhulu, ithiphu yokuxhumana kuzo zombili izibhamu ze-robotic kanye ne-semiautomatic gas metal arc welding (GMAW) idlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni ikhwalithi yokushisela enomsindo. Kungase futhi kulinganisele ekukhiqizeni nasekuzuzeni inzuzo yomsebenzi wakho wokushisela— isikhathi sokuphumula soshintsho oludlulele singaba yingozi ekusebenzeni kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi kanye nempahla.
Imisebenzi emikhulu yethiphu yokuxhumana ukuqondisa intambo yokushisela nokudlulisa i-welding current ocingweni njengoba idlula kubhore. Umgomo uwukuba nesiphakeli sezintambo ngokusebenzisa ithiphu yokuxhumana kahle, kuyilapho ugcina ukuxhumana okuphezulu. Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa usayizi wethiphu elifanele lokuxhumana —noma ububanzi bangaphakathi (ID) — kuhlelo lokusebenza. I-welding wire kanye nenqubo yokushisela kokubili kuthonya ukukhetha (Umfanekiso 1).
Umthelela Wentambo Yokushisela Kusayizi Wethiphu Yokuxhumana
Izici ezintathu zezintambo zokushisela zithinta ngokuqondile ukukhethwa kwethiphu lokuxhumana lohlelo oluthile:
▪ Uhlobo lwezintambo
▪ I-wire cast
▪ Ikhwalithi yocingo
Uhlobo—Abakhiqizi bamathiphu okuxhumana ngokuvamile bancoma amathiphu okuxhumana anosayizi ojwayelekile (omisiwe) wezintambo ezihambisanayo, njengethiphu yokuxhumana ye-xxx-xx-45 yentambo engu-0.045-intshi. Kwezinye izimo, nokho, kungase kunconokale ukuba ngaphansi noma kube ngaphezu kwethiphu yokuxhumana kububanzi bocingo.
Ukubekezelelana okujwayelekile kwezintambo zokushisela kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo. Isibonelo, ikhodi ye-American Welding Society (AWS) engu-5.18 ivumela ± 0.001-in. ukubekezelela okungu-0.045-in. izintambo eziqinile, futhi ± 0.002-in. ukubekezelela okungu-0.045-in. izintambo ze-tubular. Izintambo ezineshubhu ne-aluminium, ezithambile, zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngamathiphu okuxhumana ajwayelekile noma amakhulu ngokweqile azivumela ukuthi zikwazi ukuncela amandla amancane futhi ngaphandle kokugoqa noma ukugoba ngaphakathi kwesiphakeli noma isibhamu esishiselayo.
Izintambo eziqinile, ngokuphambene, ziqinile kakhulu, okusho ukuthi izinkinga zokudla ezimbalwa, ezivumela ukuthi zibhangqwe namathiphu okuxhumana angaphansi.
Abalingisi—Isizathu sokweqisa nokwehliswa kwethiphu yokuxhumana asihlobene kuphela nohlobo locingo, kodwa futhi nokulingisa kwayo kanye ne-helix. I-cast ibhekisela kububanzi beluphu yocingo lapho ubude bentambo bukhishiwe kuphakheji futhi bubekwe endaweni eyisicaba— empeleni, ukugoba kwentambo. Umkhawulo ojwayelekile wabalingisi ungama-40 kuye ku-45 in. uma i-wire cast incane kunalokhu, ungasebenzisi ithiphu yokuxhumana enesayizi encane.
I-helix isho ukuthi intambo iphakama kangakanani ukusuka kuleyo ndawo eyisicaba, futhi akufanele ibe nkulu kuno-1 in. kunoma iyiphi indawo.
I-AWS ibeka izimfuneko ze-wire cast kanye ne-helix njengokulawula ikhwalithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okuphakelayo kwezintambo okutholakalayo ngendlela evumelana nokusebenza okuhle kokushisela.
Indlela elinganiselwe yokuthola inombolo yenqwaba ye-wire cast ubukhulu bephakheji. Intambo epakishwe ngamaphakheji ayinqwaba, njengesigubhu noma i-reel, ingagcina ukhonkolo omkhulu noma ikhontayusi eqondile kunocingo olufakwe ku-spool noma ikhoyili.
"Intambo eqondile" iyindawo evamile yokuthengisa yezintambo ezipakishwe ngobuningi, njengoba kulula ukuphakela intambo eqondile kunocingo olugobile. Abanye abakhiqizi baphinde basonte intambo ngenkathi beyipakisha esigubhini, okuholela ekutheni intambo yakhe i-sine wave esikhundleni seluphu uma ikhishwa kuphakheji. Lezi zintambo zine-cast enkulu kakhulu (100 in. noma ngaphezulu) futhi zingabhangqwa namathiphu okuxhumana angasayizi omncane.
Intambo ephakelwa kusuka ku-spool encane, nokho, ivamise ukuba nokusakaza okugqame kakhulu—okungaba ngu-30-in. noma i-diameter encane—futhi ngokuvamile idinga usayizi wethiphu elivamile noma elikhudlwana ukuze unikeze izici zokuphakela ezifanele.
Umfanekiso 1
Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu yokushisela, kubalulekile ukuba nosayizi ofanele wethiphu yokuxhumana wohlelo lokusebenza. Intambo yokushisela kanye nenqubo yokushisela kokubili kuthonya ukukhetha.
Ikhwalithi—Ikhwalithi yocingo iphinde ibe nomthelela ekukhethweni kwamathiphu othintana naye. Ukuthuthukiswa kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kwenze i-diameter yangaphandle (OD) yezintambo zokushisela inembe kakhulu kunaseminyakeni edlule, ngakho zondla ngokushelela. Ucingo oluqinile lwekhwalithi ephezulu, ngokwesibonelo, lunikeza ububanzi obuvumelanayo nokuphonswa, kanye nengubo yethusi efanayo phezulu; lolu cingo lungasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nethiphu yokuxhumana ene-ID encane, ngoba kukhona ukukhathazeka okuncane mayelana nokubhoboza intambo noma i-kinking. Intambo yeshubhu yekhwalithi ephezulu inikezela ngezinzuzo ezifanayo, kanye nama-seams abushelelezi, avikelekile avimbela intambo ukuthi ingavuleki ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.
Izintambo ezisezingeni eliphansi ezingakhiwanga ngendlela eqinile zingase zibe sengozini yokuphakelwa kahle kwezintambo kanye ne-arc engalungile. Amathiphu okuxhumana amancane awanconywa ukuthi asetshenziswe nezintambo ezinokuhlukahluka okubanzi kwe-OD.
Njengesixwayiso, noma nini lapho ushintshela ohlotsheni oluhlukile noma uhlobo lwentambo, kubalulekile ukuhlola kabusha usayizi wethiphu yokuxhumana ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ufinyelela imiphumela oyifunayo.
Umphumela Wenqubo Yokushisela
Eminyakeni yamuva izinguquko ezimbonini zokukhiqiza nezokukhiqiza ziye zabangela izinguquko enqubweni yokushisela, kanye nobukhulu bethiphu yokuxhumana okufanele isetshenziswe. Isibonelo, embonini yezimoto lapho ama-OEM asebenzisa izinto ezincane (futhi ezinamandla) ukusiza ukwehlisa isisindo semoto nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, abakhiqizi bavamise ukusebenzisa imithombo yamandla enamagagasi athuthukile, afana ne-pulsed noma i-short-circuit eshintshiwe. Lawa magagasi athuthukile asiza ukunciphisa isipatha futhi andise isivinini sokushisela. Lolu hlobo lokushisela, oluvame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokushisela amarobhothi, alubekezeleli ukuchezuka ohlelweni futhi ludinga amathiphu okuxhumana angaletha ngokuqondile nangokuthembekile i-waveform ocingweni lokushisela.
Kunqubo evamile yokushisela i-pulse usebenzisa i-0.045-in. ucingo oluqinile, inani eliphakeme lamanje lingaba likhulu kunama-amps angu-550, futhi isivinini samanje esingahle sibe ngaphezu kuka-1 ´ 106 amp/sec. Njengomphumela, isixhumi esibonakalayo sethiphu-kuya-kucingo sisebenza njengeswishi kufrikhwensi ye-pulse, engu-150 kuya ku-200 Hz.
Impilo yethiphu yokuxhumana ekushiseleleni ishayela ngokuvamile iyingxenyana yaleyo ku-GMAW, noma i-constant-voltage (CV) welding. Ukukhetha ithiphu yokuxhumana ene-ID encane yentambo esetshenziswayo kuyanconywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isixhumi esibonakalayo sethiphu/intambo siphansi ngokwanele ukuthi ukukhonkotha okunamandla akwenzeki. Isibonelo, intambo eqinile engu-0.045-in.-diameter ingafanelana kahle nethiphu yokuxhumana ene-ID engu-0.049 kuya ku-0.050 in.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokushisela ezenziwa ngesandla noma ze-semiautomatic zidinga ukucatshangelwa okuhlukile uma kuziwa ekukhetheni usayizi wethiphu elifanele lokuxhumana. Izibhamu zokushisela ze-Semiautomatic ngokuvamile zinde kakhulu futhi zinezikhonkwane eziyinkimbinkimbi kunezibhamu ezingamarobhothi. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukugoba okukhulu entanyeni, okuvumela opharetha we-welding ukuthi afinyelele ngokunethezeka kwe-weld joint. Intamo ene-engeli enkulu yokugoba idala ukhonkolo oluqinile ocingweni njengoba luphakelwa. Ngakho-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhetha ithiphu yokuxhumana ene-ID ekhudlwana ukuze unike amandla ukuphakelwa kwezintambo okubushelelezi. Lokhu empeleni ukuhlukaniswa kwendabuko kosayizi bamathiphu okuxhumana. Iningi labakhiqizi bezibhamu zokushisela babeka usayizi wabo wethiphu yokuxhumana ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuya ngohlelo lokusebenza oluzenzakalelayo. Isibonelo, i-0.045-in. i-diameter eqinile yocingo ingafanelana nethiphu yokuxhumana ene-ID engu-0.052 kuya ku-0.055 in.
Imiphumela Yosayizi Wethiphu Yokuxhumana Ongalungile
Usayizi wethiphu yokuxhumana ongalungile, noma ngabe mkhulu kakhulu noma mncane kakhulu ohlotsheni, ukusakaza, kanye nekhwalithi yentambo esetshenziswayo, kungabangela ukuphakelwa kwezintambo okungalungile noma ukusebenza kabi kwe-arc. Ngokucacile, amathiphu okuxhumana anama-ID amancane kakhulu angabangela ukuthi intambo ingene ngaphakathi kwesibhobo, okuholela ekushiseni (Umfanekiso 2). Kungase futhi kubangele i-birdnesting, okuwukugobana kocingo kumaroli okushayela wesiphakeli socingo.
Umfanekiso 2
I-Burnback (i-wire jammed) ingenye yezindlela zokwehluleka ezivame kakhulu zamathiphu okuxhumana. Ithintwa kakhulu ububanzi bangaphakathi bethiphu yokuxhumana (ID).
Ngokuphambene, amathiphu okuxhumana ane-ID enkulu kakhulu kububanzi bentambo angavumela intambo ukuthi izule njengoba idla. Lokhu kuzulazula kuholela ekuzinzeni kwe-arc okubi, i-spatter esindayo, ukuhlangana okungaphelele, nokungahambi kahle kwe-weld ehlangene. Lezi zehlakalo zibaluleke kakhulu ekushiseleleni ishayela; imbobo kakhiye (Umfanekiso 3) isilinganiso (izinga lokugqoka) lethiphu yokuxhumana enkulu kakhulu ingaba kabili kunethiphu yokuxhumana encane.
Okunye Ukucatshangelwa
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokugcwele inqubo yokushisela ngaphambi kokukhetha usayizi wethiphu lokuxhumana lomsebenzi. Khumbula ukuthi umsebenzi wesithathu wethiphu yokuxhumana wukusebenza njenge-fuse yesistimu yokushisela. Noma yiziphi izinkinga ku-powertrain ye-welding loop (futhi kufanele) ziboniswe njengokwehluleka kwethiphu yokuxhumana kuqala. Uma ithiphu yokuxhumana yehluleka ngokuhlukile noma ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuseli eyodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nesitshalo sonke, lelo seli cishe lidinga ukulungiswa kahle.
Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukuhlola ukubekezelela kokuhlinzwa kwakho engcupheni; okungukuthi, kubiza malini uma ithiphu lokuxhumana lehluleka. Kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-semiautomatic, ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi u-opharetha wokushisela angabona ngokushesha noma yiziphi izinkinga futhi abuyisele ithiphu lokuxhumana elihlulekile ngokwezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokungaphumeleli kwethiphu yokuxhumana okungalindelekile ekusebenzeni kwe-robotic welding ziphakeme kakhulu kunalezo zokushisela okwenziwa ngesandla. Kulokhu, udinga amathiphu okuxhumana asebenza ngokuthembekile phakathi nesikhathi esiphakathi kwezinguquko zethiphu yokuxhumana okuhleliwe, isibonelo, i-shift eyodwa. Ngokuvamile kuyiqiniso ukuthi emisebenzini eminingi yokushisela i-robotic, ukuhambisana kwekhwalithi enikezwa ithiphu yokuxhumana kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuthi ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani.
Khumbula ukuthi lena imithetho evamile kuphela yokukhetha usayizi wethiphu yokuxhumana. Ukuze uthole usayizi olungile, kubalulekile ukuhlola amathiphu okuxhumana ahlulekile esitshalweni. Uma iningi lamathiphu othintana naye ahlulekile enentambo eminyene ngaphakathi, i-ID yethiphu yokuxhumana incane kakhulu.
Uma amathiphu amaningi okuxhumana ahlulekile engenazo izintambo, kodwa i-arc embi kanye nekhwalithi ye-weld engalungile, kungase kube usizo ukukhetha amathiphu okuxhumana angaphansi.
Umfanekiso 3
Imbobo kakhiye eyeqile nayo ingenye yezindlela zokwehluleka ezivame kakhulu zamathiphu okuxhumana. Nalo lithintwa kakhulu wububanzi bangaphakathi bethiphu yokuxhumana (ID).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-02-2023
