Izinsimbi ezingafani zisho izinsimbi zezinto ezihlukene (njenge-aluminium, ithusi, njll.) noma ama-alloys athile akhiwe ngensimbi efanayo eyisisekelo (njenge-carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali, njll.) anomehluko omkhulu ezicini zensimbi, njengezinto ezibonakalayo. izakhiwo, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali, njll. Zingasetshenziswa njengensimbi eyisisekelo, insimbi yokugcwalisa noma insimbi yokushisela.
Ukushisela izinto ezingafani kubhekisela enqubweni yokushisela izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihlukene (kubhekiselwa ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali okuhlukene, izakhiwo ze-metallographic, izakhiwo, njll.) ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zenqubo. Phakathi kokushiselwa kwezinsimbi ezihlukene, okuvame kakhulu ukushiselwa kwensimbi ehlukene, kulandelwa ukushiselwa kwezinsimbi ezingezona ezoniwe ezingafani kanye nokushiselwa kwensimbi nezinsimbi ezingezona ayoni.
Ngokombono wamafomu ahlangene, kunezimo ezintathu eziyisisekelo, okungukuthi amalunga anezinsimbi ezimbili ezihlukene zesisekelo, amalunga anesisekelo sensimbi efanayo kodwa izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezihlukene (njengamajoyinti asebenzisa izinto zokushisela ze-austenitic ukushisela insimbi ephakathi nekhabhoni ecishiwe futhi epholile, njll.), Futhi amalunga ashiselwe amapuleti ensimbi ayinhlanganisela, njll.
Ukushiselwa kwezinto ezingafani kulapho izinsimbi ezimbili ezihlukene zishiselwa ndawonye, ungqimba olushintshayo olunezici ezihlukene kanye nokwakheka okuvela kusisekelo sensimbi luzokhiqizwa nakanjani. Ngenxa yokuthi izinsimbi ezingafani zinomehluko omkhulu ezintweni eziyisisekelo, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali, njll., uma kuqhathaniswa nokushiselwa kwezinto ezifanayo, ukushiselwa kwezinto ezingafani kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu mayelana nendlela yokushisela kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenza. .
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Izinkinga eziyinhloko ezikhona ekushiselweni kwezinto ezihlukene zimi kanje:
1. Uma umehluko omkhulu ezindaweni ezincibilikayo zezinto ezingafani, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukushisela.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho izinto ezinezinga eliphansi lokuncibilika zifinyelela esimweni esincibilikisiwe, into enezinga eliphakeme lokuncibilika isasesimweni esiqinile. Ngalesi sikhathi, into encibilikisiwe ingena kalula emingceleni yokusanhlamvu yendawo eshisa kakhulu, okubangela ukulahlekelwa kwendawo encibilikayo ephansi kanye nokushiswa noma ukuhwamuka kwezinto ze-alloy. Yenza amajoyinti okushisela kube nzima ukuwashisela. Isibonelo, lapho ushisela insimbi nomthofu (okunamaphuzu okuncibilika ahluke kakhulu), akugcini nje ukuthi izinto ezimbili zingancibiliki esimweni esiqinile, kodwa futhi azikwazi ukuncibilika komunye nomunye esimweni se-liquid. Insimbi ewuketshezi isakazwa ngezingqimba futhi icwebezela ngokwehlukana ngemva kokupholisa.
2. Uma umehluko omkhulu kuma-coefficients wokunwetshwa komugqa wezinto ezingafani, kuba nzima kakhulu ukushisela.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinama-coefficients amakhulu okunwetshwa komugqa zizoba namazinga amakhulu okunweba okushisayo kanye nokuncipha okukhulu ngesikhathi sokupholisa, okuzokhiqiza ingcindezi enkulu yokushisela lapho ichibi elincibilikisiwe licwebezela. Lokhu kucindezelwa kokushisela akulula ukukuqeda, okuholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwe-welding. Ngenxa yezimo ezihlukene zokucindezelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezinhlangothini zombili ze-weld, kulula ukubangela ukuqhekeka kwe-weld kanye nendawo ethintekile ukushisa, futhi kubangele ngisho nensimbi ye-weld ukukhipha insimbi eyisisekelo.
3. Uma umehluko omkhulu ku-thermal conductivity kanye nomthamo wokushisa othize wezinto ezingafani, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukushisela.
I-thermal conductivity kanye nomthamo wokushisa othize wento izolimaza izimo ze-crystallization yensimbi eshisiwe, ikhuhle kakhulu okusanhlamvu, futhi kuthinte ukusebenza kokumanzisa kwensimbi ephikisayo. Ngakho-ke, umthombo wokushisa onamandla kufanele usetshenziselwe ukushisela. Ngesikhathi sokushisela, indawo yomthombo wokushisa kufanele ibe ohlangothini lwensimbi eyisisekelo ene-conductivity enhle yokushisa.
4. Uma umkhulu umehluko kazibuthe phakathi kwezinto ezingafani, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukushisela.
Ngenxa yokuthi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-electromagnetic phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, i-arc yokushisela izoba yimbi kakhulu futhi i-weld izoba yimbi kakhulu.
5. Lapho kwakheka izinhlanganisela eziningi ze-intermetallic phakathi kwezinto ezingafani, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukushisela.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-intermetallic compounds aqinile, angabangela kalula imifantu noma aphule i-weld.
6. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela izinto ezingafani, ngenxa yezinguquko zesakhiwo se-metallographic sendawo yokushisela noma izakhiwo ezisanda kwakhiwa, ukusebenza kwamalunga ahlanganisiwe kuyawohloka, okuletha ubunzima obukhulu ekushiseni.
Izakhiwo zemishini yendawo yokuhlanganisa ehlangene kanye nendawo ethinteke ukushisa zimbi, ikakhulukazi ukuqina kwepulasitiki kuncishiswe kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuncipha kokuqina kwepulasitiki kokuhlangana kanye nokuba khona kwengcindezi yokushisela, amalunga ashiselwe ezinto ezingafani athambekele ekuqhekekeni, ikakhulukazi endaweni ethinteke ekushiseni, okungenzeka ukuthi iqhekeke noma iphuke.
7. Lapho kuqina i-oxidation yezinto ezingafani, kuba nzima kakhulu ukushisela.
Isibonelo, lapho ithusi ne-aluminium zishiselwa nge-fusion welding, ithusi ne-aluminium oxides kwakheka kalula echibini elincibilikisiwe. Ngesikhathi sokupholisa nokucwebezelisa, ama-oxide akhona emingceleni yokusanhlamvu anganciphisa amandla okuhlanganisa ama-intergranular.
8. Uma welding izinto ezingafani, kunzima ku-welding seam kanye nezinsimbi ezimbili eziyisisekelo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla alinganayo.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izakhi zensimbi ezinamaphoyinti aphansi ancibilika kulula ukushiswa futhi zihwamuke ngesikhathi sokushisela, okushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali we-weld futhi kunciphise izakhiwo zayo zemishini, ikakhulukazi lapho kushiselwa izinsimbi ezingezona ezoniwe ezingafani.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-28-2023
