Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen buyanda usuku nosuku, futhi selungene emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni kanye nempilo yansuku zonke.
I-nitrogen iyisakhi esiyinhloko somoya, ehlanganisa cishe u-78% womoya. I-Elemental nitrogen N2 iyigesi engenambala nengenaphunga ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Ukuminyana kwegesi ngaphansi kwesimo esijwayelekile ngu-1.25 g/L. Iphuzu elincibilikayo lingu -210 ℃ kanti indawo yokubilisa ingu -196℃. I-nitrogen ewuketshezi iyisiqandisi esinezinga lokushisa eliphansi (-196℃).
Namuhla sizokwethula izindlela ezimbalwa eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza i-nitrogen ekhaya naphesheya.
Kunezindlela ezintathu ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza i-nitrogen yezinga lezimboni: ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen yokuhlukanisa umoya kwe-cryogenic, ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen swing kwengcindezi, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen kwe-membrane.
Okokuqala: Indlela yokukhiqiza i-nitrogen yokuhlukanisa umoya we-Cryogenic
I-Cryogenic air separation ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen kuyindlela yendabuko yokukhiqiza i-nitrogen enomlando cishe wamashumi ambalwa eminyaka. Isebenzisa umoya njengempahla eluhlaza, iwucindezele futhi iwuhlanze, bese isebenzisa ukushintshanisa ukushisa ukuze incibilikise umoya emoyeni owuketshezi. Umoya owuketshezi ngokuyinhloko uyingxube yomoya-mpilo owuketshezi kanye ne-nitrogen engamanzi. Amaphuzu ahlukene abilayo omoya-mpilo owuketshezi kanye ne-nitrogen eyi-liquid asetshenziselwa ukuwahlukanisa ngokusebenzisa ukucwiliswa komoya owuketshezi ukuze kutholakale i-nitrogen.
Izinzuzo: ukukhiqizwa kwegesi enkulu kanye nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen yomkhiqizo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen ye-Cryogenic akukwazi ukukhiqiza kuphela i-nitrogen kodwa ne-nitrogen eyi-liquid, ehlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo ye-nitrogen ewuketshezi futhi ingagcinwa emathangeni okugcina i-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Uma kunomthwalo we-nitrogen wesikhashana noma ukulungiswa okuncane kwempahla yokuhlukanisa umoya, i-nitrogen enguketshezi ethangini lokugcina ingena ku-vaporizer bese ishiselwa, bese ithunyelwa epayipini le-nitrogen lomkhiqizo ukuze lihlangabezane nesidingo se-nitrogen seyunithi yenqubo. Umjikelezo wokusebenza wokukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen ye-cryogenic (okubhekisela esikhaleni phakathi kokushisisa okubili okukhulu) ngokuvamile ungaphezu konyaka ongu-1, ngakho ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen ye-cryogenic ngokuvamile akubhekwa njengokulinda.
Ukungalungi: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen ye-Cryogenic kungakhiqiza i-nitrogen ngokuhlanzeka kwe-≧99.999%, kodwa ukuhlanzeka kwe-nitrogen kunqunyelwe umthwalo we-nitrogen, inani lamathreyi, ukusebenza kahle kwethreyi nokuhlanzeka kwe-oxygen emoyeni owuketshezi, futhi ububanzi bokulungisa buncane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kusethi yemishini yokukhiqiza i-nitrogen ye-cryogenic, ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo ngokuyisisekelo buqinisekile futhi akulula ukulungisa. Njengoba indlela ye-cryogenic yenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, okokusebenza kufanele kube nenqubo yokuqalisa ngaphambi kokupholisa ngaphambi kokuthi kufakwe ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile. Isikhathi sokuqalisa, okungukuthi, isikhathi kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-expander kuya esikhathini lapho ukuhlanzeka kwe-nitrogen kufinyelela imfuneko, ngokuvamile asikho ngaphansi kwamahora angu-12; ngaphambi kokuba okokusebenza kungene ekulungisweni, kumele kube nesikhathi sokufudumeza kanye nesikhathi sokuncibilika, ngokuvamile amahora angama-24. Ngakho-ke, imishini yokukhiqiza i-nitrogen ye-cryogenic akufanele iqalwe futhi imiswe njalo, futhi kuyalulekwa ukuthi isebenze ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ye-cryogenic iyinkimbinkimbi, ithatha indawo enkulu, inezindleko eziphakeme zengqalasizinda, idinga amandla okugcina akhethekile, inenani elikhulu labaqhubi, futhi ikhiqiza igesi kancane (amahora angu-18 kuya kwangu-24). Ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen yezimboni ezinkulu.
Okwesibili: I-Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) Indlela Yokukhiqiza I-Nitrogen
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukaniswa kwegesi ye-Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) buyigatsha elibalulekile lobuchwepheshe bokuhlukaniswa kwegesi okungeyona i-cryogenic. Kungumphumela wemizamo yabantu yesikhathi eside yokuthola indlela elula yokuhlukanisa umoya kunendlela ye-cryogenic.
Ngawo-1970, Inkampani Yezimayini YaseNtshonalanga YaseJalimane i-Essen yathuthukisa ngempumelelo izisefo ze-carbon molecular, ivula indlela yokusungulwa kwezimboni zokukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen yokwehlukaniswa komoya kwe-PSA. Eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, lobu buchwepheshe buthuthuke ngokushesha futhi buvuthwa. Ibe umncintiswano onamandla wokuhlukaniswa komoya we-cryogenic emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen encane naphakathi.
I-pressure swing adsorption nitrogen production isebenzisa umoya njengempahla eluhlaza kanye nesisefo se-carbon molecular as adsorbent. Isebenzisa izici ze-carbon molecular sieve's adsorption ekhethiwe ye-oxygen ne-nitrogen emoyeni, futhi isebenzisa isimiso sokushintshashintsha kwe-pressure adsorption (i-pressure adsorption, i-pressure reduction desorption kanye nokuvuselelwa kwe-molecular sieve) ukuhlukanisa umoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen ekamelweni lokushisa ukukhiqiza i-nitrogen.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen ye-cryogenic emoyeni, i-pressure swing adsorption ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen kunezinzuzo ezibalulekile: ukuhlukaniswa kwe-adsorption kwenziwa ekamelweni lokushisa, inqubo ilula, imishini ihlangene, indawo encane, kulula ukuyiqala nokuyeka, iqala ngokushesha, ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kuyashesha (imvamisa cishe imizuzu engama-30), ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuncane, izindleko zokusebenza ziphansi, izinga le-automation liphezulu, ukusebenza nokugcinwa kulula, ukufakwa kwe-skid kulula, asikho isisekelo esikhethekile. kuyadingeka, ukuhlanzeka kwe-nitrogen yomkhiqizo kungalungiswa phakathi kwebanga elithile, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen kungu-≤3000Nm3/h. Ngakho-ke, i-pressure swing adsorption ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen kulungele ikakhulukazi ukusebenza kwezikhawu.
Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, ozakwabo basekhaya nabangaphandle bangakhiqiza i-nitrogen kuphela ngokuhlanzeka kwe-99.9% (okungukuthi, O2≤0.1%) besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-nitrogen ye-PSA. Ezinye izinkampani zingakhiqiza i-nitrogen emsulwa engu-99.99% (O2≤0.01%). Ukuhlanzeka okuphakeme kungenzeka ngokombono wobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-nitrogen, kodwa izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphezulu kakhulu futhi mancane amathuba okuba abasebenzisi bakwamukele. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-nitrogen ye-PSA ukuze kukhiqizwe i-nitrogen ehlanzekile kufanele futhi kwengeze idivayisi yokuhlanza ngemva kwesiteji.
Indlela yokuhlanza i-nitrogen (isikali sezimboni)
(1) Indlela ye-Hydrogenation deoxygenation.
Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst, i-oxygen esele ku-nitrogen isabela ne-hydrogen eyengeziwe ukuze ikhiqize amanzi, futhi indlela yokusabela ithi: 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O. Khona-ke, amanzi asuswa yi-high-pressure nitrogen compressor booster, futhi i-nitrogen ephezulu ehlanzekile enezingxenye eziyinhloko ezilandelayo itholakala ngokumisa ngemva kokumisa: N2≥99.999%, O2≤5×10-6, H2≤1500× 10-6, H2O≤10.7×10-6. Izindleko zokukhiqiza i-nitrogen cishe zingu-0.5 yuan/m3.
(2) Indlela ye-Hydrogenation kanye ne-deoxygenation.
Le ndlela ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: isigaba sokuqala i-hydrogenation kanye ne-deoxygenation, isigaba sesibili i-dehydrogenation, kanti isigaba sesithathu ukukhishwa kwamanzi. I-nitrogen ehlanzekile enokwakheka okulandelayo itholakala: N2 ≥ 99.999%, O2 ≤ 5 × 10-6, H2 ≤ 5 × 10-6, H2O ≤ 10.7 × 10-6. Izindleko zokukhiqiza i-nitrogen cishe zingu-0.6 yuan/m3.
(3) Indlela ye-Carbon deoxygenation.
Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst esekelwe ikhabhoni (ngezinga lokushisa elithile), i-oxygen esele ku-nitrogen evamile isabela nekhabhoni ehlinzekwa yi-catalyst ngokwayo ukuze ikhiqize i-CO2. Ifomula yokusabela: C + O2 = CO2. Ngemuva kwesigaba esilandelayo sokususa i-CO2 ne-H2O, i-nitrogen ephezulu yokuhlanzeka ngokubunjwa okulandelayo itholakala: N2 ≥ 99.999%, O2 ≤ 5 × 10-6, CO2 ≤ 5 × 10-6, H2O ≤ 10.7 × 10-6. Izindleko zokukhiqiza i-nitrogen cishe zingu-0.6 yuan/m3.
Okwesithathu: Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-membrane kanye nokuhlukaniswa komoya ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-membrane kanye nokuhlukaniswa komoya ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen nakho kuyigatsha elisha lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-nitrogen enga-cryogenic. Kuyindlela entsha yokukhiqiza initrogen eyathuthuka ngokushesha phesheya ngeminyaka yawo-1980. Kuye kwakhuthazwa futhi kwasetshenziswa e-China eminyakeni yamuva.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen yokuhlukanisa ama-membrane kusebenzisa umoya njengempahla eluhlaza. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ethile, isebenzisa amazinga ahlukene okuphefumula komoyampilo ne-nitrogen kulwelwesi lwefayibha engenalutho ukuze luhlukanise umoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen ukuze kukhiqizwe i-nitrogen. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezimbili ezingenhla zokukhiqiza i-nitrogen, inezici zesakhiwo semishini esilula, umthamo omncane, akukho valvu yokushintsha, ukusebenza nokugcinwa okulula, ukukhiqizwa kwegesi okusheshayo (kungakapheli imizuzu emi-3), kanye nokunwetshwa komthamo okulula.
Nokho, ulwelwesi lwefiber olungenalutho lunezidingo eziqinile ekuhlanzekeni komoya ocindezelwe. I-membrane ijwayele ukuguga nokwehluleka, futhi kunzima ukuyilungisa. Ulwelwesi olusha ludinga ukushintshwa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen yokuhlukaniswa kwama-membrane kufaneleka kakhulu kubasebenzisi abancane nabamaphakathi abanezidingo zokuhlanzeka kwe-nitrogen engu-≤98%, futhi kunesilinganiso esingcono kakhulu senani lokusebenza ngalesi sikhathi; lapho ubumsulwa be-nitrogen budingeka ukuba bube ngaphezu kwama-98%, bucishe buphakame ngo-30% kunedivayisi yokukhiqiza i-nitrogen swing ye-pressure yesicaciso esifanayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-nitrogen ehlanzekile kakhulu ikhiqizwa ngokuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen kwe-membrane kanye nemishini yokuhlanza i-nitrogen, ukuhlanzeka kwe-nitrogen evamile kuvamise ukuba ngama-98%, okuzokhuphula izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko zokusebenza kwensiza yokuhlanza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-24-2024
