Inqubo yokushisela igebe elincane ingeyenqubo yokushisela ye-groove ejulile futhi emincane yama-workpieces aminyene. Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso sokujula kobubanzi be-groove singafinyelela ku-10-15. Lapho inqubo yokushisela i-arc engaphansi kwamanzi isetshenziswa, kunenkinga yokukhishwa kwe-slag nokususwa kwegobolondo le-slag le-weld ngayinye. Ezinqubweni ezijwayelekile zokushisela i-arc, kuthenjwa ukuthi igobolondo le-slag lingawa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma igobolondo le-slag lingakwazi ukuwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukususa ngesandla igobolondo le-slag endaweni ejulile futhi encane enobubanzi obungama-20-30 mm kuphela. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinqubo zenqubo ye-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi, abantu baye bahlola igebe elincane elingaphansi kwe-arc welding process lapho igobolondo le-slag lingawa ngokuzenzakalelayo - "isilinganiso sezinhlanzi" se-weld igebe elincane elingaphansi kwenqubo yokushisela i-arc.
Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu "i-fish scale" weld kanye ne-weld "concave" (Umfanekiso 2-36) ukuthi igobolondo le-slag linokucindezeleka okuhlukile kwendawo ngenxa yama-engeli ahlukene okusika phakathi kwegobolondo le-slag kanye nodonga oluhlangothini lwe-workpiece (Umfanekiso 2). -37). Ukushuba okuphezulu kwe-weld "yesilinganiso sezinhlanzi" kungenza igobolondo le-slag liwe ngokuzenzakalelayo; kuyilapho ukungezwani okungaphezulu kwe-weld "concave" kwenza igobolondo le-slag linamathele ngokuqinile odongeni oluhlangothini lwe-workpiece. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zizathu ezingenhla, igebe elincane elingaphansi kwenqubo yokushisela i-arc akufanele lisebenzise i-weld "concave", kodwa kufanele lisebenzise "isilinganiso sezinhlanzi" sokushisela.
I-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi ingangena ezintweni zokusebenza ezinogqinsi olungaphansi kwama-20 mm ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngenxa yechibi elikhulu elincibilikisiwe, ukuze kufezwe injongo yokwenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, umugqa wokwakha ophoqelelwe kufanele usetshenziselwe ukuvumela ichibi elincibilikisiwe ukuthi liphole futhi liqine kulayini, ngaphandle kwalokho ucezu lomsebenzi luzoshiswa kalula. Ukujula kokungena ngesikhathi sokushisela okumisiwe ngokuvamile akufanele kudlule u-2/3 wogqinsi lwepuleti. Izindlela zenqubo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa ekushiseleleni ohlangothini olulodwa kanye nama-weld akha amahlangothi amabili (Umfanekiso 2-35):
1) Welding on pad yethusi. 2) Welding on yesikhashana pad Ceramic. 3) Welding on Flux pad. 4) Welding on pad unomphela noma lock phansi Welding. Ngejoyinti elithwala umthwalo lamapuleti ensimbi anezinqe ezishiselwe ogqinsi obuhlukahlukene, uma ukuchezuka kogqinsi kwamapuleti amabili kudlula ububanzi obushiwo ezingeni elijwayelekile, usayizi wegroove ukhethwa ngokuya ngobukhulu bepuleti eliwugqinsi, noma ipuleti eliwugqinsi. incishiswa ohlangothini olulodwa noma kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ukuze ilingane nepuleti elincanyana. Lokhu kungagwema ukugxiliswa kokucindezeleka okubangelwa izinguquko ezingazelelwe esigabeni esiphambanayo ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-butt welding.
1) Umehluko wogqinsi ovumelekile wobukhulu bepuleti obuhlukene uboniswa kuThebula 2-1.
2) Ubude bokunciphisa. Uma uzaca ohlangothini olulodwa, ubude bungu-1/2 walokho uma uncipha ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba kuboniswe Emfanekisweni Ubude bokunciphisa L}3 (s2一s}); uma uzacile nhlangothi zombili, ukuncipha kungu-2-34.
Lapho ushisela amalunga ezinqenqema zamapuleti okujiya alinganayo, ucingo lokushisela kufanele lube emgqeni ophakathi nendawo we-weld. Uma i-welding wire ingagxilile, ingabangela ukukhubazeka njengokungena okungaphelele kanye ne-weld offset. Lapho kushiselwa amalunga ezinqenqema zamapuleti awugqinsi angalingani, intambo yokushisela kufanele icheme ngasepuleti eliwugqinsi ukuze ijubane layo lokuncibilika lifane nelepuleti elincane, ukuze i-weld yakheke kahle. Umfanekiso 2-31 ubonisa ukucishwa kwentambo yokushisela yamalunga ezinqe.
Isiqondiso nobukhulu bokuthambekela kocingo lwe-welding kuhlukile, futhi "i-arc blowing force" kanye nomphumela oshisayo we-arc echibini elincibilikisiwe nakho kuhlukile, okukhiqiza imiphumela ehlukene ekubunjweni kwe-weld. Emsebenzini wokushisela, ububanzi be-weld, ukuhlola okuncibilikisiwe kanye nokwakheka kwe-coefficient ye-weld kungalungiswa ngokushintsha isiqondiso nobukhulu bokuthambekela kwentambo yokushisela. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kugwenywe ukuthi ukuthambekela kocingo lwe-welding kukhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzokhiqiza ukwakheka okungalungile kwe-weld. Umthelela wesiqondiso kanye nobukhulu bokuthambekela kocingo lwe-welding ekubunjweni kwe-weld kuboniswe ku-Figure 2-30.
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Ukwandisa ubude bokunwetshwa kocingo lokushisela ngaphansi kwesimo sokushisela njalo kungakhuphula isivinini sokubeka i-welding wire ngo-25% kuya ku-50%, kodwa lapho i-arc voltage iphansi, ukujula kokungena kanye nobubanzi be-weld kuzokwehla. Ukuma kwe-weld eshiselwe ngentambo yokushisela enobude obunyukile bokunwetshwa kuhluke ngokuphelele kuleyo ye-weld ehlanganiswe ne-welding wire enobude obujwayelekile bokunwetshwa. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukujula okukhulu kokungena kuyadingeka, akufanelekile ukwandisa ubude bokwelulwa kwentambo yokushisela. Lapho ubude besandiso sentambo yokushisela bunyuswa ukuze kwandiswe isivinini sokubeka intambo yokushisela, i-voltage ye-arc kufanele inyuswe ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze kugcinwe ubude be-arc obufanele.
I-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi enomsebenzi wokushisa kuqala i-welding wire ingakhuphula isivinini sokuncibilika kwe-welding wire kanye nenani le-welding wire deposition ngaphandle kokwandisa okokufaka kokushisa kwezinto eziyisisekelo, ngaleyo ndlela kufinyelele inhloso yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-welding. Ubude besandiso sentambo yokushisela kanye nokushisisa kwentambo yokushisela kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2-29.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zamandla e-arc, izinguquko zejubane lokushisela zishintsha okokufaka kokushisa kwe-weld, ngaleyo ndlela kushintshe ukujula nobubanzi be-weld. Lapho ijubane lokushisela lishesha, ngenxa yokushisa kwe-arc okwanele kwe-weldment, ukujula nobubanzi be-weld kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, isilinganiso se-fusion sizokwehla, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, amaphutha afana ne-undercut, ukungena okungaphelele kanye ne-porosity kuzobangelwa. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhulisa isivinini sokushisela, amandla e-arc kufanele anyuswe ukuze kugcinwe ukujula nobubanzi be-weld bungapheli. Umfanekiso 2-28 ubonisa umphumela wejubane lokushisela ekubunjweni kwe-weld.
Ngesikhathi sokushisela i-arc engaphansi kwamanzi, i-arc voltage inqunywa ngokuhambisana nobukhulu be-welding current, okungukuthi, endaweni ethile yokushisela, ubude be-arc kufanele bugcinwe buhlala buhlala njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-arc "iyashisa" ngokuzinzile futhi i-weld yakheka ngokufanele. . Nokho, izimo ezilandelayo kufanele ziphathwe ngendlela ehlukile:
1) Lapho i-weld engaphezulu ye-weld enezingqimba eziningi ingahlanganisiwe kahle noma igebe lempande le-butt weld likhulu kakhulu, i-arc voltage akufanele ibe mncane kakhulu. I-2) Ama-welds e-groove ajulile akufanele afakwe nge-voltage ephakeme ye-arc. Ukwakhiwa kwe-weld yezingxenye ezikhethekile ezihambisana nama-voltage ahlukene e-arc kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 2-27.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ukushintsha i-welding current kungashintsha isivinini sokuncibilika kwe-welding wire kanye nokujula kokungena kwe-weld. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda ngokweqile kwamandla okushisela kuzoholela ekuphakameni ngokweqile kwe-weld kanye nokujula kokungena kwe-weld, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kokwakheka kwe-weld. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lokhu kwakheka kwe-weld okweqile kukhulisa ukuncipha kwe-weld, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukukhubazeka okufana nemifantu yokushisela, ama-pores, inclusions ye-slag, kanye nezindawo ezithinteke kakhulu ekushiseni kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-welding ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi ikhulisa i-welding current, i-voltage ye-arc kufanele ikhuliswe ngokufanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuma okufanelekile kwe-weld. Ukukhubazeka kokushisela okungase kubangelwe ukushisela kwamanje ngokweqile kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 2-26.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-29-2024
