Kubalulekile ukuthi ama-opharetha ama-weld amasha asungule amasu e-MIG afanelekile ukuze bathole ikhwalithi enhle yokushisela futhi bakhulise umkhiqizo. Izindlela ezihamba phambili zokuphepha zibalulekile, futhi. Kubaluleke ngendlela efanayo, nokho, kubaqhubi be-welding abanolwazi ukuba bakhumbule izisekelo ukuze bagweme imikhuba engase ibe nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kokushisela.
Kusukela ekusebenziseni i-ergonomics ephephile ukuya ekusebenziseni i-engeli yesibhamu ye-MIG efanele kanye nesivinini sokuhamba sokushisela nokunye, amasu amahle okushisela e-MIG ahlinzeka ngemiphumela emihle. Nawa amanye amathiphu.
I-ergonomics efanele
I-welding operator enethezekile iphephile. I-ergonomics efanele kufanele ibe phakathi kwezinto eziyisisekelo zokuqala ezizosungulwa ohlelweni lwe-MIG (kanye nemishini yokuzivikela efanele, kunjalo).
I-welding operator enethezekile iphephile. I-ergonomics efanele kufanele ibe phakathi kwezinto eziyisisekelo zokuqala zokusungula inqubo ye-MIG yokushisela (kanye nemishini yokuzivikela efanele, yebo). I-ergonomics ingachazwa, kalula nje, njengokuthi “ucwaningo lokuthi izinto zokusebenza zingahlelwa kanjani ukuze abantu benze umsebenzi noma eminye imisebenzi ngempumelelo nangokunethezeka.”1 Ukubaluleka kwe-ergonomics ku-opharetha wokushisela kungaba nemiphumela efinyelela kude. Indawo yokusebenza noma umsebenzi obangela ukuthi opharetha abashiselayo bafinyelele ngokuphindaphindiwe, banyakaze, babambe noma basonteke ngendlela engeyona eyemvelo, futhi baze bahlale nokuma okumile isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphumula. Konke kungaholela ekulimaleni kwengcindezi okuphindaphindayo okunomthelela wempilo yonke.
I-ergonomics efanele ingavikela ama-welding operators ekulimaleni kuyilapho futhi ithuthukisa ukukhiqiza kanye nenzuzo yomsebenzi wokushisela ngokunciphisa ukungabikho kwabasebenzi.
Ezinye izixazululo ze-ergonomic ezingathuthukisa ukuphepha nokukhiqiza zihlanganisa:
1. Ukusebenzisa isibhamu se-MIG sokushisela esinomshini wokukhiya ukuvimbela "umunwe wokucupha". Lokhu kubangelwa ukufaka ingcindezi ku-trigger isikhathi eside.
2. Ukusebenzisa isibhamu se-MIG esinentamo ephendukayo ukuze usize u-opharetha wokushisela ahambe kalula ukuze afinyelele ilunga elinobunzima obuncane emzimbeni.
3. Ukugcina izandla ziphakeme ngendololwane noma ngaphansi kancane ngenkathi ushisela.
4. Ukubeka umsebenzi phakathi kokhalo namahlombe ka-opharetha we-welding ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukushisela kuqedwa eduze kokuma kokungathathi hlangothi ngangokunokwenzeka.
5. Ukunciphisa ingcindezi yokunyakaza okuphindaphindayo ngokusebenzisa izibhamu ze-MIG ezinama-swivel angemuva kukhebula lamandla.
6. Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela ehlukene yama-engeli wokubamba, ama-engeli entamo nobude bentamo ukuze kugcinwe isihlakala somqhubi wokushisela sisesimweni sokungathathi hlangothi.
I-angle yokusebenza efanele, i-angle yokuhamba nokunyakaza
Isibhamu sokushisela esifanelekile noma i-engeli yomsebenzi, i-angle yokuhamba kanye nenqubo yokushisela ye-MIG incike ekugqimeni kwesisekelo sensimbi kanye nesimo sokushisela. I-engeli yomsebenzi "ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-eksisi ye-electrode kucezu lomsebenzi wokushisela". I-engeli yokuhamba isho ukusebenzisa i-engeli yokuphusha (ekhomba lapho kuhanjwa khona) noma i-engeli yokudonsa, lapho i-electrode ikhombe ngokuphambene nohambo. (AWS Welding HandBook 9th Edition Vol 2 Page 184)2.
Indawo eyisicaba
Lapho ushisela i-butt joint (i-joint 180-degree), opharetha wokushisela kufanele abambe isibhamu sokushisela i-MIG nge-angle yokusebenza engu-90-degree (ngokuphathelene nomsebenzi). Ngokuya ngobuningi bezinto eziyisisekelo, cindezela isibhamu nge-engeli yethoshi phakathi kuka-5 no-15 degrees. Uma ukujoyina kudinga ukudlula okuningi, ukunyakaza okuncane okusuka ohlangothini kuya ohlangothini, okubambe ezinzwaneni ze-weld, kungasiza ukugcwalisa ukujoyina futhi kunciphise ingozi yokusika phansi.
Kumajoyinti e-T, bamba isibhamu nge-engeli yokusebenza engu-45 degrees futhi kuma-lap joint i-engeli yokusebenza ezungeze ama-degree angu-60 ifanelekile (amadigri angu-15 ukusuka ku-45 degrees).
Indawo evundlile
Esimweni sokushisela esivundlile, i-angle yokusebenza ye-30 kuya ku-60 degrees isebenza kahle, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo nobukhulu bokuhlanganyela. Umgomo uwukuvimbela insimbi yokugcwalisa ekuwohlokeni noma ukugingqika ohlangothini olungezansi lwejoyinti lokushisela.
Indawo eqondile
Kusukela ekusebenziseni i-ergonomics ephephile ukuya ekusebenziseni i-engeli yesibhamu ye-MIG efanele kanye nesivinini sokuhamba sokushisela nokunye, amasu we-MIG amahle ahlinzeka ngemiphumela emihle.
Ukuze uthole i-T-joint, opharetha wokushisela kufanele asebenzise i-engeli yomsebenzi engaphezudlwana kwamadigri angu-90 ekuhlanganyeleni. Qaphela, lapho ushisela endaweni eqondile, kunezindlela ezimbili: ukushisela endaweni ekhuphukayo noma isiqondiso sokwehla.
Indlela yokukhuphuka isetshenziselwa izinto eziwugqinsi lapho kudingeka ukungena okukhulu. Indlela enhle ye-T-Joint shayela i-upside-down V. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi opharetha wokushisela ugcina ukuvumelana nokungena empandeni ye-weld, okuyindawo lapho izingcezu ezimbili zihlangana khona. Le ndawo iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-weld.Enye indlela yokushisela ekwehleni. Lokhu kuyathandwa embonini yamapayipi yokushisela izimpande ezivulekile nalapho kuthungathwa izinto zokulinganisa ezincanyana.
Indawo engaphezulu
Umgomo lapho i-MIG ishisela phezulu iwukugcina insimbi encibilikisiwe yokushisela ekuhlanganyeleni. Lokho kudinga isivinini sokuhamba esisheshayo futhi ama-engeli omsebenzi azonqunywa indawo yejoyinti. Gcina i-engeli yokuhamba engu-5 kuya ku-15. Noma iyiphi indlela yokweluka kufanele igcinwe incane ukuze kugcinwe ubuhlalu buncane. Ukuze uthole impumelelo enkulu, opharetha wokushisela kufanele abe sesimweni esikhululekile maqondana nakho kokubili i-engeli yomsebenzi kanye nesiqondiso sokuhamba.
I-wire stickout kanye nebanga lokuxhumana nethiphu ukuya emsebenzini
I-wire stickout izoshintsha kuye ngenqubo yokushisela. Ngokushisela i-short-circuit, kuhle ukugcina i-stickout yocingo engu-1/4- kuya ku-3/8-intshi ukuze unciphise isipatha. Noma yisiphi isikhathi eside se-stickout sizokwandisa ukumelana nogesi, kwehlise i-current futhi kuholele ku-spatter. Uma usebenzisa i-spray arc transfer, i-stickout kufanele ibe ngu-3/4 intshi.
Ibanga elifanele le-contact-tip-to-work (CTWD) libalulekile futhi ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuhle kokushisela. I-CTWD esetshenzisiwe incike kwinqubo yokushisela. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa imodi yokudlulisa isifutho, uma i-CTWD imfushane kakhulu, ingabangela ukusha. Uma kuyinde kakhulu, kungabangela ukungaqhubeki kwe-weld ngenxa yokushoda kwegesi yokuvikela efanele. Ngokushisela ukudluliswa kwesifutho, i-CTWD engu-3/4-intshi ifanelekile, kuyilapho u-3/8 kuya ku-1/2 intshi ingasebenzela ukushisela isifunda esifushane.
Isivinini sokuhamba nge-Welding
Ijubane lokuhamba lithonya ukuma kanye nekhwalithi ye-weld bead ngezinga elibalulekile. Ama-opharetha okushisela kuzodingeka anqume isivinini sokuhamba sokushisela ngokufanele ngokwahlulela usayizi wechibi lokushisela ngokuphathelene nobukhulu obuhlangene.
Ngejubane lokuhamba lokushisela elishesha kakhulu, ama-opharetha ama-welding azogcina esenobuhlalu obuncane, obuyi-convex obungaboshelwanga ngokwanele ezinzwaneni ze-weld. Ukungena okwanele, ukuhlanekezela kanye nobuhlalu obushiselayo obungahambisani kubangelwa ukuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuhamba kancane kakhulu kungethula ukushisa okukhulu kwi-weld, okuholela ebuhlalu obushisela obubanzi kakhulu. Entweni ezacile, ingase ibangele ukushisa.
Imicabango yokugcina
Uma kuziwa ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha nokukhiqiza, kuku-opharetha wokushisela umakadebona onolwazi njengokushisela okusha ukusungula nokulandela indlela efanele ye-MIG. Ukwenza kanjalo kusiza ukugwema ukulimala okungaba khona kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula esingadingekile sokuphinda kusetshenzwe kabusha ama-welds ekhwalithi ephansi. Khumbula ukuthi akukaze kube buhlungu ukuthi opharetha abashiselayo bavuselele ulwazi lwabo mayelana nokushisela kwe-MIG futhi kuyintshisekelo yabo neyenkampani ukuthi baqhubeke nokulandela imikhuba ehamba phambili.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-02-2023
