Ekwenziweni kwemikhumbi yokucindezela, lapho i-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi isetshenziselwa ukushisela i-longitudinal weld yesilinda, ukuqhekeka (okubizwa kamuva ngokuthi imifantu yokugcina) kuvame ukwenzeka ekupheleni noma eduze nokuphela kwe-weld longitudinal.
Abantu abaningi baye benza ucwaningo ngalokhu, futhi bakholelwa ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokuqhekeka kwe-terminal ukuthi lapho i-arc yokushisela iseduze nendawo yokugcina i-weld longitudinal, i-weld iyakhula futhi iguqule isiqondiso se-axial, futhi ihambisana nokungezwani okuguquguqukayo isiqondiso esiqondile ne-axial. i-deformation evulekile;
Umzimba we-cylinder nawo unomsebenzi obandayo wokuqinisa ukucindezeleka nokucindezeleka komhlangano ohlelweni lokugoqa, ukukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa; ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwe-weld positioning weld kanye nepuleti yesiteleka se-arc, ukwelula okukhulu kukhiqizwa ekupheleni kokucindezeleka kwe-weld;
Lapho i-arc ithuthela endaweni yokushisela okumatheminali kanye nepuleti lesiteleka se-arc, ngenxa yokwanda okushisayo nokuguquka kwale ngxenye, ukucindezeleka okuguquguqukayo kwetheminali yokushisela kuyaxegiswa, futhi amandla okubopha ayancishiswa, ukuze insimbi yokushisela ivele iqine. kuqiniswe kutheminali yokushisela Imifantu yetheminali yakhiwa ukucindezeleka okukhulu okuqinile.
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezizathu ezingenhla, kuhlongozwa izindlela ezimbili zokuphikisa:
Enye iwukwandisa ububanzi bepuleti lesiteleka se-arc ukuze kwandiswe amandla ayo okubopha;
Okwesibili ukusebenzisa ipuleti lesiteleka le-elastic elastic restraint arc.
Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuthatha izinyathelo ezingenhla ekusebenzeni, inkinga ayizange ixazululwe ngempumelelo:
Isibonelo, nakuba ipuleti lesiteleka le-elastic restraint arc lisetshenziswa, imifantu yokugcina ye-longitudinal weld isazokwenzeka, futhi imifantu yokugcina ngokuvamile iyenzeka lapho kushiselwa isilinda ngogqinsi oluncane, ukuqina okuphansi nokuhlanganisa okuphoqiwe;
Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona ipuleti lokuhlola lomkhiqizo engxenyeni enwetshiwe ye-longitudinal weld yesilinda, nakuba i-tack welding nezinye izimo ziyafana nalapho lingekho ipuleti lokuhlola lomkhiqizo, kuba nemifantu embalwa yokugcina emthungoni we-longitudinal.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe nokuhlaziywa, kutholakala ukuthi ukuvela kwemifantu ekugcineni kwe-longitudinal seam akuhlobene nje nokucindezeleka okukhulu okungenakugwemeka ekupheleni kwe-weld, kodwa futhi kuhlobene nezinye izizathu ezimbalwa ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Okokuqala. Ukuhlaziywa kwezimbangela zokuqhekeka kwetheminali
1. Izinguquko endaweni yokushisa endaweni yokushisela itheminali
Ngesikhathi sokushisela i-arc, lapho umthombo wokushisa we-welding useduze nokuphela kwe-weld longitudinal, inkambu yokushisa evamile ekupheleni kwe-weld izoshintsha, futhi lapho isondela ekupheleni, ushintsho olukhulu.
Ngenxa yokuthi usayizi wepuleti lesiteleka se-arc mncane kakhulu kunesilinda, amandla ayo okushisa nawo mancane kakhulu, futhi ukuxhumana phakathi kwepuleti lesiteleka se-arc nesilinda kungokwasetshenzwa kwe-tack, ngakho-ke kungathathwa njengokungaqhubeki. .
Ngakho-ke, isimo sokudlulisa ukushisa kwe-weld esibulalayo sibi kakhulu, okwenza izinga lokushisa lendawo likhuphuke, ukwakheka kwechibi elincibilikisiwe kuyashintsha, nokujula kokungena kuzokwanda ngokufanele. Isivinini sokuqinisa sechibi elincibilikisiwe siyehla, ikakhulukazi uma usayizi wepuleti lesiteleka se-arc mncane kakhulu, futhi i-tack weld phakathi kwepuleti lesiteleka se-arc nesilinda imfushane kakhulu futhi izacile kakhulu.
2. Umthelela wokufaka ukushisa kwe-welding
Njengoba okokufaka ukushisa okushisela okusetshenziselwa ukushisela i-arc engaphansi kwamanzi kuvame ukuba kukhulu kunezinye izindlela zokushisela, ukujula kokungena kukhulu, inani lensimbi efakiwe likhulu, futhi limbozwe ungqimba lwe-flux, ngakho-ke ichibi elincibilikisiwe likhulu futhi isivinini sokuqina kwechibi elincibilikisiwe likhulu. Izinga lokupholisa le-welding seam kanye ne-welding seam lihamba kancane kunezinye izindlela zokushisela, okuholela ekukhuleni kwezinhlamvu kanye nokuhlukaniswa okunzima kakhulu, okudala izimo ezivumayo kakhulu zokukhiqiza imifantu eshisayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lateral shrinkage ye-weld incane kakhulu kunokuvulwa kwegebe, ukuze amandla e-lateral tensile wengxenye yokugcina ibe mkhulu kunezinye izindlela zokushisela. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumapuleti anogqinsi oluphakathi nendawo namapuleti azacile angewona ama-beveled.
3. Ezinye izimo
Uma kukhona umhlangano ophoqelelwe, ikhwalithi yomhlangano ayihlangabezani nezidingo, okuqukethwe kokungcola okufana no-S no-P ensimbi yesisekelo kuphezulu kakhulu futhi ukuhlukaniswa kuzoholela ekuqhekekeni.
Okwesibili, uhlobo lwe-terminal crack
Imifantu yetheminali ingeyemifantu eshisayo ngokwendalo yayo, futhi imifantu eshisayo ingahlukaniswa ibe imifantu yecrystallization kanye nemifantu yesigaba esiqinile ngokwesigaba sokubunjwa kwayo. Nakuba ingxenye lapho ukuqhekeka kwetheminali kwakhiwa khona ngezinye izikhathi kuba i-terminal, ngezinye izikhathi iba phakathi kuka-150mm ukusuka endaweni eseduze netheminali, ngezinye izikhathi kuba ukuqhekeka okungaphezulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuba wumfantu wangaphakathi, futhi izimo eziningi kuba imifantu yangaphakathi. zenzeka eduze kwetheminali.
Kuyabonakala ukuthi imvelo ye-terminal crack ngokuyisisekelo iyingxenye ye-sub-solid phase crack, okungukuthi, lapho itheminali yokushisela isesimeni esiwuketshezi, nakuba ichibi elincibilikisiwe eliseduze kwendawo yokugcina liqinile, lisesendaweni izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kancane ngaphansi komugqa we-solidus Isimo se-Zero-amandla, imifantu ikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwesenzo sengcindezi yokushisela eyinkimbinkimbi (ikakhulukazi ingcindezi eqinile) endaweni yokugcina,
Ungqimba olungaphezulu lwe-weld eduze kwendawo kulula ukukhipha ukushisa, izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, futhi selivele linamandla athile kanye ne-plasticity enhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke imifantu ye-terminal ngokuvamile ikhona ngaphakathi kwe-weld futhi ayikwazi ukutholakala ngeso lenyama.
Okwesithathu. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela imifantu yetheminali
Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni okungenhla kwezimbangela zokuqhekeka kwe-terminal, kungabonakala ukuthi izinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunqoba imifantu ye-arc welding longitudinal seams engaphansi kwamanzi yilezi:
1. Khulisa ngokufanelekile usayizi wepuleti lesiteleka se-arc
Abantu ngokuvamile abajwayele ngokwanele ngokubaluleka kwepuleti lesiteleka se-arc, becabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wepuleti lesiteleka se-arc uwukuhola kuphela i-arc crater ngaphandle kokushisela lapho i-arc ivaliwe. Ukuze kongiwe insimbi, abanye abagadli be-arc benziwa bancane kakhulu futhi babe “abagadli be-arc” bangempela. Le mikhuba ayilungile neze. Ipuleti lesiteleka se-arc linemisebenzi emine:
(1) Hola ingxenye ephukile ye-weld lapho i-arc iqalwa kanye ne-arc crater lapho i-arc imiswa ngaphandle kwendawo yokushisela.
(2) Qinisa izinga lokuzibamba engxenyeni yetheminali yomthungo we-longitudinal, futhi uthwale ingcindezi enkulu yokuqina ekhiqizwa engxenyeni yetheminali.
(3) Yenza ngcono izinga lokushisa lengxenye yetheminali, evumela ukuqhutshwa kokushisa futhi engenzi izinga lokushisa lengxenye yetheminali libe phezulu kakhulu.
(4) Thuthukisa ukusabalalisa kwenkundla kazibuthe engxenyeni yetheminali futhi unciphise izinga lokuchezuka kazibuthe.
Ukuze kuzuzwe lezi zinhloso ezine ezingenhla, ipuleti lesiteleka se-arc kufanele libe nosayizi owanele, ubukhulu kufanele bufane ne-weldment, futhi usayizi kufanele uncike kusayizi we-weldment kanye nobukhulu bepuleti lensimbi. Ngemikhumbi yokucindezela evamile, kunconywa ukuthi ubude nobubanzi akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-140mm.
2. Naka ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokushisela kwe-arc yesiteleka se-arc
I-tack welding phakathi kwepuleti lesiteleka se-arc nesilinda kufanele ibe nobude nokuqina okwanele. Ngokuvamile, ubude nokujiya kwe-tack weld akumele kube ngaphansi kuka-80% wobubanzi nogqinsi lwepuleti lesiteleka se-arc, futhi ukushisela okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka. Angeke kube “ibala” elishiselwe nje. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomthungo we-longitudinal, ukuqina okwanele kwe-weld kufanele kuqinisekiswe amapuleti aphakathi nendawo futhi aminyene, futhi i-groove ethile kufanele ivulwe uma kunesidingo.
3. Naka ukuma kwe-welding yengxenye yokugcina yesilinda
Ngesikhathi se-tack welding ngemuva kokuthi isilinda sizungezwe, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuzibamba ekugcineni kwe-longitudinal seam, ubude be-tack weld ekugcineni komphetho we-longitudinal akufanele bube ngaphansi kuka-100mm, futhi kufanele kube khona. Ukushuba okwanele kwe-weld, futhi akufanele kube nemifantu, Amaphutha njengokuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa.
4. Lawula ngokuqinile okokufaka kokushisa kwe-welding
Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-welding yemikhumbi yokucindezela, ukufaka ukushisa kwe-welding kumele kulawulwe ngokuqinile. Lokhu akukhona nje ukuqinisekisa izakhiwo zemishini yamajoyini ashiselwe, kodwa futhi kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni imifantu. Ubukhulu be-arc welding welding current engaphansi kwamanzi bunomthelela omkhulu ekuzweleni kokuqhekeka kwe-terminal, ngoba ubukhulu be-welding current buhlobene ngokuqondile nenkambu yokushisa kanye nokufakwa kokushisa kwe-welding.
5. Lawula ngokuqinile ukuma kwechibi elincibilikisiwe kanye ne-weld shape coefficient
Umumo kanye nesici sesici se-weld pool ekushiseleleni kwe-arc engaphansi kwamanzi kuhlobene kakhulu nokuba sengozini kokuqhekeka kokushisela. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu, ukuma kanye nefomu lesici se-weld pool kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile.
Ezine. Isiphetho
Kuvame kakhulu ukukhiqiza imifantu yesiphetho se-longitudinal seam lapho i-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi isetshenziselwa ukushisela i-longitudinal seam yesilinda, futhi ayizange ixazululwe kahle iminyaka eminingi. Ngokuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa, isizathu esiyinhloko sokuqhekeka ekugcineni kwe-arc welding longitudinal seam engaphansi kwamanzi kuwumphumela wesenzo esihlangene sokucindezeleka okukhulu kwe-tensile kanye nenkambu yokushisa ekhethekile kule ngxenye.
Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi izinyathelo ezinjengokukhulisa ngokufanelekile usayizi wepuleti lesiteleka se-arc, ukuqinisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ye-tack welding, nokulawula ngokuqinile okokufaka kokushisa kwe-welding kanye nokuma kwe-weld kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kwemifantu ekugcineni kokucwiliswa emanzini. i-arc welding.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-01-2023
