Insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa isho insimbi enokuqina okushisayo namandla okushisa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu. Ukuzinza kwe-thermal kubhekisela emandleni ensimbi ukugcina ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali (ukumelana nokugqwala, okungenayo i-oxidation) ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu. Amandla okushisa abhekisela emandleni anele ensimbi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme. Ukumelana nokushisa kuqinisekiswa ikakhulukazi izakhi ze-alloy ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-vanadium, i-titanium, ne-niobium. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokushisela kufanele kunqunywe ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe kwe-alloy element yensimbi eyisisekelo. Insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemishini yemboni kaphethiloli neye-petrochemical. Iningi lensimbi elikwazi ukumelana nokushisa esivame ukuhlangana nalo linokuqukethwe kwe-alloy ephansi, njenge-15CrMo, 1Cr5Mo, njll.
1 Ukushisela kwensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa kwe-chromium-molybdenum
I-Chromium ne-molybdenum yizinto eziyinhloko ze-alloy zensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa kwe-pearlitic, ethuthukisa kakhulu amandla okushisa aphezulu kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation ephezulu yensimbi. Kodwa-ke, benza kube kubi kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-welding yensimbi futhi banokuthambekela kokucisha endaweni ye-weld kanye nendawo ethinteke ukushisa. Ngemuva kokupholisa emoyeni, kulula ukukhiqiza isakhiwo se-martensite esiqinile futhi esinama-brittle, esingaphazamisi nje kuphela izakhiwo zemishini yokuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe, kodwa futhi kudala ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwangaphakathi, okuholela ekuthambekeni kokuqhekeka okubandayo.
Ngakho-ke, inkinga enkulu lapho i-welding insimbi engamelana nokushisa imifantu, futhi izici ezintathu ezibangela imifantu yilezi: isakhiwo, ukucindezeleka kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen ku-weld. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa inqubo ye-welding enengqondo.
2 Inqubo yokushisela i-Pearlitic engavimbeli ukushisa
2.1 I-Bevel
I-bevel ivame ukucutshungulwa yi-flame noma inqubo yokusika i-plasma. Uma kunesidingo, ukusika kufanele kushiswe ngaphambili. Ngemuva kokupholisha, ukuhlolwa kwe-PT kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kukhishwe imifantu ku-bevel. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa umsele omise okwe-V, one-groove angle engu-60°. Ngokombono wokuvimbela imifantu, i-angle enkulu ye-groove inenzuzo, kodwa yandisa inani le-welding. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-groove nezinhlangothi zombili zengxenye engaphakathi ziyapholishwa ukuze kukhishwe amafutha nokugqwala. kanye nomswakama nokunye ukungcola (ukukhipha i-hydrogen nokuvimbela izimbotshana).
2.2 Ukumatanisa
Kudingeka ukuthi umhlangano awukwazi ukuphoqelelwa ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi. Njengoba insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa i-chromium-molybdenum inokuthambekela okukhulu kokuqhekeka, ukuvinjelwa kwe-weld akufanele kube kukhulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushisela ukugwema ukuqina okweqile, ikakhulukazi lapho kushiselwa amapuleti awugqinsi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zokubopha, izinsimbi kanye nezinsimbi ezivumela ukuthi i-weld inciphe ngokukhululekile kufanele kugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka.
2.3 Ukukhethwa kwezindlela zokushisela
Njengamanje, izindlela zokushisela ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokushisela amapayipi ku-petroleum yethu kanye ne-petrochemical iyunithi yokufaka i-tungsten arc welding ye-base layer kanye ne-electrode arc welding yesembozo sokugcwalisa. Ezinye izindlela zokushisela zifaka i-molten inert gas shielded welding (i-MIG welding), i-CO2 gas shielded welding, i-Electroslag welding kanye ne-arc automatic welding, njll.
2.4 Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokushisela
Isimiso sokukhetha izinto zokushisela ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-alloy namandla ensimbi ye-weld kufanele ngokuyisisekelo kuhambisane nezinkomba ezihambisanayo zensimbi eyisisekelo noma kufanele kuhlangabezane nezinkomba zokusebenza ezincane ezihlongozwe izimo zobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo. Ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen, induku yokushisela ye-alkaline ephansi ye-hydrogen kufanele isetshenziswe kuqala. Induku yokushisela noma i-flux kufanele yomiswe ngokwenqubo enqunyiwe futhi ikhishwe njengoba kudingeka. Kufanele ifakwe ebhakedeni le-welding rod insulation futhi ithathwe njengoba kudingeka. Akufanele kube ngaphezu kwama-4 ebhakedeni le-welding rod insulation. amahora, ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele yomiswe futhi, futhi inani lezikhathi zokumisa akufanele lidlule izikhathi ezintathu. Kunemithethonqubo enemininingwane enqubweni ethile yokwakha. Lapho ukushiselwa kwe-arc yesandla yensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa kwe-chromium-molybdenum, ama-electrode ensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, njengama-electrode e-A307, angasetshenziswa, kodwa ukushisa kwangaphambili kusadingeka ngaphambi kokushisela. Le ndlela ifaneleka ezimweni lapho i-weldment ayikwazi ukuphathwa ngokushisa ngemva kokushisela.
2.5 Ukushisa kuqala
Ukushisa kuqala kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokukala ukushisela imifantu ebandayo kanye nokukhululeka kwengcindezi yensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa kwe-pearlitic. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokushisela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-spot welding noma ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, kufanele ishiswe futhi igcinwe ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lokushisa.
2.6 Ukupholisa kancane ngemva kokushisela
Ukupholisa kancane ngemva kokushisela kuyisimiso okufanele silandelwe ngokuqinile lapho kushiselwa insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa i-chromium-molybdenum. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngisho nasehlobo elishisayo. Ngokuvamile, indwangu ye-asbestos isetshenziselwa ukumboza i-weld kanye nendawo eseduze yomthungo ngokushesha ngemva kokushisela. Izinsimbi ezincane zingafakwa Zipholile kancane ngendwangu ye-asbestos.
2.7 Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokushisela
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngemva kokushisela, inhloso yayo ukuvimbela ukuvela kwemifantu ebambezelekile, ukuqeda ukucindezeleka nokuthuthukisa isakhiwo.
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3 Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokushisela
(1) Lapho kushiselwa lolu hlobo lwensimbi, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezinjengokushisa kuqala kanye nokupholisa kancane ngemva kokushisela. Nokho, ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa, kuba ngcono. Izidingo zenqubo yokushisela kufanele zilandelwe ngokuqinile.
(2) I-Multi-layer Welding kufanele isetshenziselwe amapuleti aminyene, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kwe-inter-layer akufanele libe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa. I-welding kufanele iqedwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi kungcono ukuthi ungaphazamisi. Uma kunesidingo sokumisa isikhashana phakathi kwezingqimba, ukufakwa kwe-thermal kanye nezinyathelo zokupholisa kancane kufanele kuthathwe, futhi izinyathelo ezifanayo zokushisa kufanele zithathwe ngaphambi kokushisela futhi.
(3) Phakathi nenqubo yokushisela, kufanele kuqashelwe ukugcwalisa ama-arc craters, ukupholisha amalunga, nokukhipha imifantu ye-crater (imifantu eshisayo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho i-current inkulu, i-arc crater ijula. Ngakho-ke, imiyalelo yenqubo yokushisela kufanele ilandelwe ngokuqinile ukuze ukhethe imingcele ye-welding namandla afanele we-welding line.
(4) Inhlangano yokwakha nayo iyisici esibalulekile esithinta ikhwalithi yokushisela, futhi ukubambisana kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukuchitha ikhwalithi ye-weld yonke ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuxhuma kwinqubo elandelayo.
(5) Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ithonya lesimo sezulu. Uma izinga lokushisa le-ambient liphansi, izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa linganyuswa ngokufanelekile ukuze kuvinjwe izinga lokushisa ekwehleni ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ezifana nokuvikela umoya nemvula zingathathwa.
4 Isifinyezo
Ukushisa, ukugcinwa kokushisa, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kwe-weld nezinye izinqubo kuyizinyathelo ezidingekayo zenqubo yokushisela insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa i-chromium-molybdenum. Lezi zintathu zibaluleke ngokulinganayo futhi azinakuzitshwa. Uma noma yisiphi isixhumanisi sishiywa, imiphumela izoba mibi. Abashiseli kufanele basebenzise izinqubo zokushisela ngokuqinile futhi baqinise isiqondiso somqondo wokuzibophezela wabashiseli. Akufanele sithathe amashansi futhi siqondise abashiseli ukuthi basebenzise inqubo ngobucayi nangesidingo. Uma nje sisebenzisa ngokuqinile inqubo yokushisela ngesikhathi sokwakha, sibambisana kahle nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi, futhi sihlele inqubo ngokunengqondo, singaqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-01-2023
