I-Welding, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-welding noma i-welding, iyinqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nobuchwepheshe obusebenzisa ukushisa, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma ukucindezela okukhulu ukujoyina insimbi noma ezinye izinto ze-thermoplastic ezifana namapulasitiki. Ngokwesimo sensimbi enqubweni yokushisela kanye nezici zenqubo, izindlela zokushisela zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu: i-fusion welding, i-pressure welding kanye ne-brazing.
I-Fusion welding – ukushisisa izinto zokusebenza ezizohlanganiswa ukuze zincibilike kancane ukuze zakhe ichibi elincibilikisiwe, futhi ichibi elincibilikisiwe liyapholiswa futhi liqiniswe ngaphambi kokujoyina. Uma kunesidingo, ama-fillers angangezwa ukusiza
1. Laser welding
Ukushisela nge-laser kusebenzisa i-laser beam egxilile njengomthombo wamandla ukuze kuqhume ucezu lokusebenza ngokushisa kokushisela. Ingakwazi ukushisela izinto ezihlukahlukene zensimbi nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezifana ne-carbon steel, i-silicon steel, i-aluminium ne-titanium nama-alloys azo, i-tungsten, i-molybdenum nezinye izinsimbi eziphikisayo nezinsimbi ezingafani, kanye ne-ceramics, ingilazi namapulasitiki. Njengamanje, isetshenziswa kakhulu kumathuluzi e-electronic, izindiza, i-aerospace, ama-reactors enuzi neminye imikhakha. I-laser welding inezici ezilandelayo:
(1) Ubuningi bamandla be-laser beam buphakeme, inqubo yokushisisa imfushane kakhulu, amalunga e-solder mancane, indawo ethinteke ekushiseni incane, i-deformation yokushisela incane, nokunemba kobukhulu be-weldment kuphezulu;
(2) Ingakwazi ukushisela izinto okunzima ukuzishisela ngezindlela ezivamile zokushisela, njengezinsimbi eziphikisayo zokushisela njenge-tungsten, i-molybdenum, i-tantalum, ne-zirconium;
(3) Izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi zingashiselwa emoyeni ngaphandle kwegesi yokuzivikela eyengeziwe;
(4) Izinto zokusebenza ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi izindleko ziphezulu.
2. Ukushisela igesi
Ukushisela igesi kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseleni amapuleti ensimbi amancane, izinto ezincibilikayo eziphansi (izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi nama-alloys azo), izingxenye zensimbi ezisansimbi namathuluzi engxubevange eqinile, kanye nokulungisa ukushisela kwezingxenye ezigugile nezilahliwe, ukulungiswa komlilo wengxenye. i-deformation, njll.
3. Ukushisela i-arc
Ingahlukaniswa nge-arc welding ye-manual kanye ne-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi
(1) Ukushisela i-arc ngesandla kungenza i-multi-position welding efana ne-flat welding, i-vertical welding, i-horizontal welding kanye ne-overhead welding. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi imishini yokushisela i-arc iyaphatheka futhi iguquguquka ekuphatheni, imisebenzi ye-welding ingenziwa kunoma iyiphi indawo ngokunikezwa kwamandla. Ifanele ukushiselwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zensimbi, ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nokubunjwa okuhlukahlukene kwesakhiwo;
(2) I-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi ngokuvamile ifaneleka kuphela ezindaweni zokushisela eziyisicaba, futhi ayifanele ukushisela amapuleti amancane anogqinsi olungaphansi kuka-1mm. Ngenxa yokungena okujulile kwe-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokusebenza ngomshini, ifanele ukushisela ama-weld amade ezinhlaka zamapuleti aphakathi nendawo. Izinto ezingashiselwa nge-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi zithuthukisiwe zisuka ku-carbon structural steel ziye kwi-low alloy structural steel, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi engashisi, njll., kanye nezinsimbi ezithile ezingenayo insimbi, njengama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel, i-titanium. ama-alloys, nama-alloys ethusi.
4. Ukushisela igesi
I-arc welding esebenzisa igesi yangaphandle njenge-arc medium futhi ivikela i-arc nendawo yokushisela ibizwa ngokuthi i-gas shielded arc welding, noma i-gas welding kafushane. I-welding yegesi kagesi ivame ukuhlukaniswa ibe i-electrode engancibiliki (i-tungsten electrode) i-inert yegesi evikelekile yokushisela kanye nokuncibilika kwegesi ye-electrode evikelekile, i-oxidizing igesi ehlanganisiwe evikelekile yokushisela, i-CO2 yegesi evikelekile kanye ne-tubular wire gas evikelekile ukushisela ngokuya ngokuthi i-electrode ibunjiwe noma i-molten. hhayi futhi igesi evikelayo ihlukile.
Phakathi kwazo, ukushisela okuvikelwe kwegesi okungenakuncibilika ngokweqile kungasetshenziselwa ukushisela cishe zonke izinsimbi nama-alloys, kodwa ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphakeme, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukushisela izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni njenge-aluminium, i-magnesium, i-titanium nethusi, njengoba kanye nensimbi engagqwali kanye nensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa. Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokushisela okuvikelekile kwegesi ye-electrode engancibiliki (ingashiselwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene; ifanele ukushiselwa kwezinsimbi eziningi njengezinsimbi ezingezona ayoni, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi engangeni ekushiseni, i-carbon steel, ne-alloy steel) , futhi Ibuye ibe nezinzuzo zejubane lokushisela elisheshayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-deposition.
5. Ukushisela i-Plasma arc
Ama-arcs e-Plasma asetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseleni, ekupendeni nasekubekweni phezulu. Ingakwazi ukushisela izinto zokusebenza ezizacile nezincane (njengokushisela izinsimbi ezizacile kakhulu ngaphansi kuka-1mm).
6. Electroslag welding
I-Electroslag welding ingashisela izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ze-carbon structural, izinsimbi ezine-alloy high-energy, izinsimbi ezingamelana nokushisa nezinsimbi ezinengxubevange ephakathi, futhi iye yasetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwamabhayela, imikhumbi yokucindezela, imishini esindayo, imishini yensimbi nemikhumbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-electroslag welding ingasetshenziselwa ukubeka phezulu endaweni enkulu nokulungisa ukushisela.
7. Electron beam welding
Imishini yokushisela i-electron beam iyinkimbinkimbi, iyabiza, futhi idinga ukulungiswa okuphezulu; izidingo zokuhlanganisa ama-weldments ziphezulu, futhi usayizi unqunyelwe ubukhulu bekamelo le-vacuum; Ukuvikelwa kwe-X-ray kuyadingeka. I-Electron beam welding ingasetshenziselwa ukushisela izinsimbi eziningi nama-alloys kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezidinga ukuguqulwa okuncane kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu. Njengamanje, i-electron beam welding isetshenziswe kabanzi kumathuluzi anembile, amamitha kanye nezimboni ze-elekthronikhi.
I-Brazing—Ukusebenzisa insimbi enephuzu elincibilikayo eliphansi kunesisekelo sensimbi njengesidayisi, kusetshenziswa i-solder ewuketshezi ukumanzisa isisekelo sensimbi, ukugcwalisa igebe, nokuxubanisa ngensimbi eyisisekelo ukuze kubonakale ukuxhumana kwe-weldment.
1. Ukubasa ilangabi:
I-flame brazing ifaneleka ukubhula ngezinto ezifana ne-carbon steel, insimbi ecijile, ithusi nama-alloys ayo. Ilangabi le-oxyacetylene liyilangabi elisetshenziswa kakhulu.
2. I-Resistance brazing
I-Resistance brazing ihlukaniswe ngokushisa okuqondile kanye nokushisa okungaqondile. I-brazing yokumelana nokushisa engaqondile ifaneleka ukubhoboza ama-weldments anomehluko omkhulu wezakhiwo ze-thermophysical kanye nomehluko omkhulu wokushuba. 3. I-Induction brazing: I-induction brazing ibonakala ngokushisa okusheshayo, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukushisa kwendawo, kanye ne-automation elula. Ngokwendlela yokuvikela, ingahlukaniswa i-induction brazing emoyeni, i-induction brazing kugesi evikelayo kanye ne-induction brazing ku-vacuum.
I-pressure welding - inqubo yokushisela kufanele ibe nengcindezi ekushiseleni, ehlukaniswe ibe yi-resistance welding kanye ne-welding ye-ultrasonic.
1. Ukumelana nokushisela
Kunezindlela ezine eziyinhloko zokushisela ukumelana, okuyi-spot welding, i-seam welding, i-projection welding kanye ne-butt welding. I-Spot welding ifanele amalungu epuleti elincanyana elinesigxivizo futhi eligoqiwe elingagqigqana, amalunga awadingi ukuthi kungangeni moya, futhi ukujiya kungaphansi kuka-3mm. I-Seam welding isetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseleni amashidi ezigubhu zikawoyela, amathini, ama-radiator, izindiza kanye namathangi kaphethiloli emoto. I-Projection welding isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukushisela izingxenye zokugxiviza zensimbi ephansi ye-carbon nensimbi ephansi ye-alloy. Ubukhulu obufaneleka kakhulu bokushisela amapuleti yi-0.5-4mm.
2. Ultrasonic welding
I-Ultrasonic welding ifaneleka kakhulu ukushisela ama-thermoplastics amaningi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-29-2023
