Izakhiwo ezibalulekile ezifana nama-boilers nemikhumbi yokucindezela zidinga ukuthi amalunga ashiselwe ngokuphepha, kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu besakhiwo kanye nezingqinamba zokuma, ukushisela okunezinhlangothi ezimbili akunakwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi. Indlela ekhethekile yokusebenza ye-groove ehlangothini olulodwa ingaba ukushisela okuhlangene nohlangothi olulodwa kuphela kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwenza ama-double side, okuyikhono elinzima lokusebenza ku-arc welding manual.
Lapho kushiselwa i-welding eqondile, ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi, amaconsi ancibilikisiwe akhiwa ukuncibilika kwe-electrode kanye nensimbi encibilikisiwe echibini elincibilikisiwe kulula ukuconsa ukuze enze amaqhubu okushisela kanye nama-undercuts. ezinhlangothini zombili ze-weld. Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, ukufakwa kwe-slag kungenzeka kwenzeke, futhi amaphutha afana nokungena okungaphelele kanye namabala okushisela akhiwa kalula ohlangothini olungemuva, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza ama-welds. Izinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe akulula ukulinquma ngokuqondile, kodwa lihlobene nokuma nobukhulu bechibi elincibilikisiwe. Ngakho-ke, uma nje ukuma nobukhulu bechibi elincibilikisiwe kubhekwa ngokucophelela futhi kulawulwa ngesikhathi sokushisela, izinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe lingalawulwa futhi inhloso yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela ingafinyelelwa.
Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho kwenkosi iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, lo mthetho ungafingqwa ngala mazwi alandelayo:
1. I-angle yenduku yokushisela ibaluleke kakhulu, futhi imininingwane yokushisela ibalulekile
Ngesikhathi sokushisela okuqondile, ngenxa yeconsi elakhiwe ukuncibilika kwe-electrode kanye nensimbi encibilikisiwe echibini elincibilikisiwe, kulula ukuconsa ukuze kwakheke iqhubu lokushisela, futhi ama-undercuts akheka ezinhlangothini zombili ze-weld, ewohloka. i-weld shape. Kahle kahle ukucaciswa kokushisela okulungile futhi ulungise i-engeli ye-electrode kanye nesivinini se-electrode ngokuya ngezinguquko zesimo sokushisela. I-engeli phakathi kwenduku yokushisela kanye nobuso bendawo yokushisela ingama-90° kwesokunxele nakwesokudla, kanye nomthungo wokushisela.
I-engeli ye-welding ingu-70 ° ~ 80 ° ekuqaleni kokushisela, 45 ° ~ 60 ° phakathi, futhi 20 ° ~ 30 ° ekugcineni. Igebe lokuhlanganisa lingu-3-4㎜, futhi ububanzi be-electrode obuncane obungu-Φ3.2㎜ kanye namandla okushisela amancane kufanele kukhethwe. I-welding engezansi ingu-110-115A, isendlalelo senguquko esiphakathi siyi-115-120A, futhi isendlalelo sekhava yi-105-110A. . I-current ngokuvamile incane kunaleyo ye-flat welding
12% kuya ku-15%, ukuze kuncishiswe umthamo wechibi elincibilikisiwe, ukuze lingathinteki kancane amandla adonsela phansi, okuhambisana ne-droplet ngokweqile. I-Short-arc welding isetshenziselwa ukufinyeza ibanga ukusuka ethonjeni ukuya echibini elincibilikisiwe ukuze kwakhiwe umjikelezo omfushane owedlulele.
2. Bheka ichibi elincibilikayo, lalela umsindo we-arc, futhi ugcine ukwakheka kwembobo encibilikayo engqondweni
Ukusekela i-welding empandeni ye-weld kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela. Indlela yokucima i-arc isetshenziselwa ukushisela. Isigqi sokucisha i-arc sokushisela okuqondile sihamba kancane kunaleso sokushisela okuyisicaba, izikhathi ezingama-30 kuye kwezingama-40 ngomzuzu. I-arc ivutha isikhathi eside uma ishisela endaweni ngayinye, ngakho inyama yokushisela ye-welding eqondile ijiyile kunaleyo yokushisela okuyisicaba. Uma u-welding, qala ukuthungatha kusukela ekugcineni okuphansi. I-engeli ye-electrode engezansi icishe ibe ngu-70°~80°. Ukushisela ukungena ngokuchofoza kabili kuyamukelwa. I-arc ithungelwa ohlangothini lwe-groove futhi ishise futhi inyibilike eduze kwendawo yokushisela empandeni. Lapho i-arc ingena Kukhona umsindo othi "flutter" ovela ku-bevel, futhi uma ubona imbobo yokuncibilika kanye nokwakheka kwesihlalo sechibi elincibilikisiwe, phakamisa ngokushesha i-electrode ukuze ucime i-arc. Bese uphinde uthungele olunye uhlangothi lwemisele, bese idamu lesibili elincibilikisiwe licindezele u-1/2 kuya ku-2/3 wechibi lokuqala elincibilikisiwe eliqale ukuqina, ukuze yonke insimbi itholakale ngokusebenzisa isicishamlilo se-arc kwesokunxele nesokudla. ukuqhekeka. Ukuguquguquka kwesihlakala kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukucisha i-arc, futhi i-arc kufanele icishwe ngokuhlanzekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuze ichibi elincibilikisiwe libe nethuba lokuqina ngokushesha.
Lapho i-arc icishiwe, imbobo yokuhlanganisa eyakhiwe unqenqema olubhoboziwe olugqamile lungabonakala ngokucacile. Imbobo yokuhlanganisa ye-welding eqondile icishe ibe ngu-0.8mm, futhi ubukhulu bembobo yokuhlanganisa buhlobene eduze nokwakheka kohlangothi olungemuva. Ingemuva lembobo yokuhlanganisa ngokuvamile alingenwa, futhi ubukhulu bembobo yokuhlanganisa kufanele bugcinwe bufana ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungena okufanayo empandeni ye-groove, i-weld bead egcwele emuva, nobubanzi obufanayo nobude. Lapho ulungisa futhi ushintsha induku yokushisela, ukunamathela kwengxenye ehlangene kufanele kuhlanzwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi i-arc iphinde ibaselwe emgodini, futhi i-angle yenduku yokushisela ihlale iboshwe cishe ngo-10mm eduze kwe-weld seam eyenziwe. futhi idlulela kumthungo wokushisela lapho ifinyelela kuma-degree angama-90. Swayipha isikhungo kwesokunxele nakwesokudla kancane, bese ucindezela i-arc phansi ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho uzwa umsindo we-arc, kwakhiwa imbobo encibilikayo, futhi i-arc icime ngokushesha, ukuze i-arc ye-electrode ifinyelele empandeni ye-arc. i-weld, futhi imbobo yokuncibilika iyakhiwa futhi i-arc icime ngokushesha. Khona-ke kuyafana nendlela ye-welding ye-bottom ye-electrode yokuqala, ngokushintshana umjikelezo wokucima i-arc ukuhlukana ukusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla, gxila kukho konke ukunyakaza, unake uhlaka lwembobo yokuncibilika kanye negebe elincibilikile nhlangothi zombili, kanye nokuncibilika. igebe empandeni ye-groove, kuphela Ingabonakala lapho i-arc ihambela ngakolunye uhlangothi. Kutholakala ukuthi unqenqema olubuthuntu aluhlanganisiwe kahle futhi i-arc yehliswa kancane ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlangana okuhle. Isikhathi sokucisha i-arc silawulwa kuze kube ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yechibi elincibilikisiwe ingaqini. Qala kabusha i-arc.
Lapho ucisha i-arc, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho i-electrode ngayinye ingama-80-100mm ubude, i-electrode izoncibilika ngokushesha ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile. Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhathi sokucisha i-arc kufanele senyuswe ukwenza ichibi elincibilikisiwe liqine ngokushesha, ukuze kuvinjwe ichibi elincibilikisiwe elishisa kakhulu ekushiseni ukuthi lingawi futhi lenze izigaxa zokushisela. . Uma sekusele u-30-40mm kuphela we-electrode, lungiselela ukwenza isenzo sokucisha i-arc. Qhubeka uwisa izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu ohlangothini olulodwa lwechibi elincibilikisiwe ukuze wenze ichibi elincibilikisiwe liphole kancane, okungavimbela ukuncipha komgodi kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-arc crater ngaphambili nangemuva kobuhlalu bokushisela. isici.
3. Izinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe lilawulwa kahle, futhi izinga le-weld lingathuthukiswa
Kudingeka ukuthi amagagasi e-solder emgqeni ophakathi abe bushelelezi. Ezingqimbeni ezimbili ezimaphakathi, ububanzi be-electrode bungu-φ3.2㎜, i-welding current ingu-115-120A, i-engeli ye-electrode icishe ibe ngu-70 ° -80 °, futhi indlela ye-zigzag isetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-engeli. ye-electrode, ubude be-arc, isivinini sokushisela kanye nokuhlala ezinhlangothini zombili ze-groove. isikhathi sokulawula izinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe. Yenza izinhlangothi zombili zihlanganiswe kahle futhi ugcine umumo we-oblate pool encibilikisiwe.
Uma ushisela isendlalelo sesithathu, ungalimazi unqenqema lwe-groove, futhi ushiye ukujula okungaba ngu-1mm ukuze wenze ubuhlalu obugcwele bushelelezi. Unqenqema lwe-groove ngaphezu kokujula lusetshenziswa njengomugqa wereferensi ukuze kubekwe isisekelo sendawo yekhava. Ngokuvamile, ukujika kwesobunxele nakwesokudla kusetshenziselwa ukuma kancane ezinhlangothini zombili ze-groove ukuze kuncibilike unqenqema lomsele ngo-1-2mm, nokuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe nezinhlangothi zombili zomsele. Ibhalansi, ikakhulukazi bheka ukuma kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, lawula ichibi elincibilikisiwe libe yisimo socezu, hlala kancane ohlangothini olunechibi elincibilikisiwe kakhulu, futhi uhlale kakhulu ohlangothini ngokuncane, futhi ubale ubude nobubanzi be-weld ngenkathi ushisela. . Ngenxa yokuthi inyama yokushisela ye-welding eqondile ijiyile kunaleyo yokushisela okuyisicaba, naka ukubuka ukwakheka kwechibi elincibilikisiwe nobukhulu benyama yokushisela. Uma unqenqema olungezansi lwechibi elincibilikisiwe luphuma ohlangothini oluthambile, kusho ukuthi izinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe liphezulu kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhathi sokushiswa kwe-arc kufanele sifinyezwe kanye nesikhathi sokucisha i-Arc ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe. Ama-crater kufanele agcwaliswe ngaphambi kokushintshwa kwe-electrode ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwe-crater.
4. Indlela yokuthutha ilungile, ukuze i-welding seam yenziwe kahle
Lapho ushisela indawo yekhava, indlela yokuthutha e-zigzag noma emise okwecrescent ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokushisela. Ukuthuthwa kwe-strip kufanele kuzinzile, isivinini kufanele sisheshe kancane phakathi kobuhlalu obushiselayo, futhi ukuma okufushane kufanele kwenziwe emaphethelweni ezinhlangothini zombili ze-groove. Ukucaciswa kwenqubo ukuthi ububanzi be-electrode bungu-φ3.2㎜, i-welding current ingu-105-110A, i-engeli ye-electrode kufanele igcinwe cishe ku-80 °, i-electrode ijika kwesokunxele nakwesokudla ukuze incibilike unqenqema lomsele. ngo-1-2㎜, bese udlidliza kancane uye phezulu naphansi lapho izinhlangothi zime kancane. Kodwa lapho i-electrode isuka kolunye uhlangothi iye kolunye, i-arc ephakathi iphakanyiswa kancane ukuze ibuke ukuma kwayo yonke i-pool encibilikisiwe. Uma ichibi elincibilikisiwe liyisicaba futhi liyi-oval, kusho ukuthi izinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe lifaneleka kakhulu, i-welding evamile yenziwa, futhi i-weld surface yakhiwe kahle. Uma kutholakala ukuthi isisu sechibi elincibilikisiwe siba yindilinga, kusho ukuthi izinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe liphakeme kancane, futhi indlela yokuthutha induku kufanele ilungiswe ngokushesha, okungukuthi, isikhathi sokuhlala se-electrode kokubili. izinhlangothi ze-groove kufanele zandiswe, isivinini soguquko phakathi kufanele sisheshiswe, futhi ubude be-arc kufanele bufinyezwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ichibi elincibilikisiwe lingakwazi ukubuyiselwa esimweni se-elliptical flat, futhi i-bulge iyanda, kusho ukuthi izinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe liphakeme kakhulu, futhi i-arc kufanele icime ngokushesha, futhi ichibi elincibilikisiwe kufanele livunyelwe ukupholisa, bese uqhubeka nokushisela ngemva kokwehla kwezinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe.
Lapho uvala ubuso, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhawulo we-weld muhle. Uma kutholakala ukuthi i-electrode ye-undercut ihamba kancane, noma ihlala isikhashana ukuze ilungise iphutha, indawo engaphezulu ingaba bushelelezi kuphela uma ingaphezulu likhulu kakhulu. Uma ijoyinti yekhava ishiselwe, izinga lokushisa le-weldment liphansi, elivame ukukhubazeka njengokuhlangana okungalungile, ukufakwa kwe-slag, ukuhlukana kwamalunga, nokuphakama ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi yekhava ithinta ngokuqondile ukuma kwe-weld. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokushisa isetshenziselwa ukushisela ekuhlanganyeleni, futhi i-arc ibaselwa kusukela phezulu kuye phansi ngokuklwebha cishe ngo-15mm ngaphezu kokuphela kokushisela, futhi i-arc inwetshiwe ngo-3 kuya ku-6mm, futhi indawo yokuqala yokushisela. i-seam ifakwe ngaphambili. kushisa. Bese ucindezela i-arc futhi uyibeke ku-2/3 we-arc crater yasekuqaleni izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ukuze uzuze ukuhlanganisa okuhle bese ushintshela ekushiseleni okuvamile.
Nakuba izikhundla zama-welds zihlukile, nazo zinomthetho ofanayo. Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi ukukhetha amapharamitha wenqubo yokushisela afanele, ukugcina i-electrode angle efanele kanye nokwenza kahle izenzo ezintathu zenduku yenhlanhla, ukulawula ngokuqinile izinga lokushisa lechibi elincibilikisiwe, ukushisela Uma welding mpo, ungathola ikhwalithi ye-weld enhle kakhulu kanye ne-weld enhle. umumo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-29-2023
