Ihhashi elihle lidinga isihlalo esihle futhi lisebenzisa imishini yokwenza imishini ye-CNC ethuthukisiwe. Uma kusetshenziswa amathuluzi angalungile, angeke asizakale! Ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yesevisi yamathuluzi, ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, ikhwalithi yokucubungula kanye nezindleko zokucubungula. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nolwazi lommese, luqoqe futhi ludlulisele, masifunde ndawonye.
Izinto zamathuluzi kufanele zibe nezakhiwo eziyisisekelo
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zamathuluzi kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yamathuluzi, ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, ikhwalithi yokucubungula kanye nezindleko zokucubungula. Amathuluzi kufanele amelane nokucindezela okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukungqubuzana, umthelela kanye nokudlidliza lapho usikwa. Ngakho-ke, izinto zamathuluzi kufanele zibe nezimpawu ezilandelayo eziyisisekelo:
(1) Ukuqina nokumelana nokugqoka. Ukuqina kwempahla yamathuluzi kufanele kube kuphakeme kunokuqina kwempahla yokusebenza, okudingeka ngokuvamile ibe ngaphezu kuka-60HRC. Ukuphakama kokuqina kwempahla yamathuluzi, kungcono ukumelana nokugqokwa.
(2) Amandla nokuqina. Izinto zamathuluzi kufanele zibe namandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina ukuze zimelane namandla okusika, umthelela nokudlidliza, futhi kuvimbele ukuphuka okufiphalayo nokuqhekeka kwethuluzi.
(3) Ukumelana nokushisa. Izinto zamathuluzi zinokumelana nokushisa okuhle, zingamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu okusika, futhi zinokumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation.
(4) Ukusebenza kwenqubo nomnotho. Izinto zamathuluzi kufanele zibe nokusebenza okuhle kokubumba, ukusebenza kokwelashwa kokushisa, ukusebenza kwe-welding; ukusebenza kokugaya, njll., futhi kufanele kulandele isilinganiso esiphezulu sentengo yokusebenza.
Izinhlobo, izakhiwo, izici, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zamathuluzi
1. Izinto zethuluzi ledayimane
Idayimane i-allotrope ye-carbon futhi iyinto enzima kakhulu etholakala emvelweni. Amathuluzi okusika idayimane anobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kanye ne-conductivity ephezulu yokushisa, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubunguleni izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi. Ikakhulukazi ekusikeni ngesivinini esiphezulu se-aluminium kanye ne-silicon-aluminium alloys, amathuluzi wedayimane awuhlobo oluyinhloko lwamathuluzi okusika okunzima ukuwashintsha. Amathuluzi edayimane angafinyelela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuzinza okuphezulu, nempilo ende yesevisi angamathuluzi abalulekile futhi abalulekile emishini yesimanje ye-CNC.
⑴ Izinhlobo zamathuluzi edayimane
① Amathuluzi edayimane emvelo: Amadayimane emvelo asetshenziswe njengamathuluzi okusika amakhulu eminyaka. Amathuluzi edayimane lekristalu elilodwa lemvelo agaywe kahle ukuze enze unqenqema lokusika lube bukhali kakhulu. Irediyasi yonqenqema ingafinyelela ku-0.002μm, engafinyelela ukusika okuncane kakhulu. Ingakwazi ukucubungula ukunemba kwe-workpiece ephezulu kakhulu kanye nobulukhuni obuphezulu obuphansi kakhulu. Kuyithuluzi lemishini elaziwayo, elilungile nelingenakushintshwa.
② Amathuluzi okusika idayimane e-PCD: Amadayimane emvelo ayabiza. Idayimane elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekucushweni yi-polycrystalline diamond (PCD). Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, idayimane le-polycrystalline (idayimane le-Polycrystauine, elibizwa ngokuthi ama-PCD blades) elilungiswe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa komfutho ophezulu. Ngemuva kokuphumelela kwayo, amathuluzi okusika idayimane emvelo athathelwe indawo yidayimane le-polycrystalline yokwenziwa ezikhathini eziningi. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-PCD zicebile ngemithombo, futhi intengo yazo imbalwa kuphela ukuya kokukodwa kweshumi kwaleyo yedayimane lemvelo. Amathuluzi okusika e-PCD awakwazi ukufakwa phansi ukuze akhiqize amathuluzi okusika abukhali kakhulu. Izinga eliphezulu le-cutting edge kanye ne-workpiece ecutshunguliwe ayilungile njengedayimane lemvelo. Okwamanje akukalungi ukwenza izindwani ze-PCD ngama-chip breaker embonini. Ngakho-ke, i-PCD ingasetshenziselwa kuphela ukusika ngokunemba kwezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi nezingezona izinsimbi, futhi kunzima ukufeza ukusika okunembayo okuphezulu kakhulu. Ukusika isibuko sokunemba.
③ Amathuluzi okusika idayimane e-CVD: Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 kuya ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, ubuchwepheshe bedayimane be-CVD bavela eJapan. Idayimane le-CVD libhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) ukuze kuhlanganiswe ifilimu yedayimane ku-matrix ehlukahlukene (njenge-carbide enosimende, izitsha zobumba, njll.). Idayimane le-CVD linesakhiwo nezici ezifanayo ncamashi nedayimane lemvelo. Ukusebenza kwedayimane le-CVD kusondele kakhulu kulokho kwedayimane lemvelo. Inezinzuzo zedayimane lekristalu elilodwa lemvelo kanye nedayimane le-polycrystalline (PCD), futhi linqoba ukushiyeka kwazo ngokwezinga elithile.
⑵ Izici zokusebenza zamathuluzi edayimane
① Ubulukhuni obuphakeme ngokwedlulele nokumelana nokugqokwa: Idayimane lemvelo liyinto enzima kakhulu etholakala emvelweni. Idayimane linokumelana nokugqokwa okuphezulu kakhulu. Lapho kucutshungulwa izinto ezinobulukhuni obukhulu, impilo yamathuluzi edayimane iphindwe izikhathi eziyi-10 kuye kweziyikhulu kunamathuluzi e-carbide, noma izikhathi ezingamakhulu.
② Ine-coefficient ephansi kakhulu yokungqubuzana: I-coefficient yokushayisana phakathi kwedayimane nezinye izinsimbi ezingenayo ayoni iphansi kunamanye amathuluzi okusika. I-coefficient ye-friction iphansi, i-deformation ngesikhathi sokucubungula incane, futhi amandla okusika angancishiswa.
③ Unqenqema lokusika lubukhali kakhulu: Unqenqema lokusika lwethuluzi ledayimane lungagaywa lubukhali kakhulu. Ithuluzi ledayimane lekristalu elilodwa lemvelo lingaba phezulu njengo-0.002~0.008μm, elingenza ukusika okuncanyana kakhulu kanye nokucubungula okunembe kakhulu.
④ I-thermal conductivity ephezulu: Idayimane ine-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal kanye ne-thermal diffusivity, ngakho ukushisa okusika kuhlakazeka kalula futhi izinga lokushisa lengxenye yokusika yethuluzi liphansi.
⑤ Ine-coefficient ephansi yokunweba okushisayo: I-coefficient yedayimane yokunweba okushisayo incane ngokuphindaphindiwe kune-carbide enosimende, futhi ushintsho kusayizi wamathuluzi obangelwa ukushisa okusika luncane kakhulu, okubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ukunemba nokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu. idinga ukunemba okuphezulu kobukhulu.
⑶ Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi edayimane
Amathuluzi edayimane asetshenziswa kakhulu ekusikeni okuhle kanye nokubhoreka kwezinsimbi ezingezona ayoni nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ngesivinini esikhulu. Ifanele ukucubungula okungezona izinsimbi ezingagugi, njengezikhala ze-fiberglass powder metallurgy, izinto zobumba, njll.; izinsimbi ezingezona ezoni ezingezwani nokugqoka, njengama-alloys ahlukahlukene e-silicon-aluminium; kanye nokuqedela ukucutshungulwa kwezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ezingenayo insimbi.
Ububi bamathuluzi edayimane ukuthi anokusimama okushisayo kokushisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa lokusika lidlula u-700℃~800℃, bazolahlekelwa ubulukhuni bazo ngokuphelele. Ukwengeza, azikulungele ukusika izinsimbi ezinensimbi ngoba idayimane (ikhabhoni) isabela kalula nensimbi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Isenzo se-athomu siguqula ama-athomu ekhabhoni abe isakhiwo segraphite, futhi ithuluzi lonakala kalula.
2. Ithuluzi le-Cubic boron nitride
I-Cubic boron nitride (CBN), i-superhard material yesibili ehlanganiswe kusetshenziswa indlela efana nokukhiqizwa kwedayimane, ingeyesibili ngemva kwedayimane ngokobulukhuni kanye nokuguquguquka kokushisa. Inokuqina okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal futhi ingafudumeza ifike ku-10,000C emkhathini. Ayikho i-oxidation eyenzekayo. I-CBN inezinto zamakhemikhali ezizinzile ngokwedlulele ezinsimbi ezisansimbi futhi ingasetshenziswa kabanzi ekucutshungulweni kwemikhiqizo yensimbi.
⑴ Izinhlobo zamathuluzi okusika i-cubic boron nitride
I-Cubic boron nitride (CBN) iyinto engekho emvelweni. Ihlukaniswe yaba yikristalu eyodwa ne-polycrystalline, okuyi-CBN ikristalu eyodwa kanye ne-polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (i-Polycrystalline cubic bornnitride, i-PCBN ngamafuphi). I-CBN ingenye ye-allotropes ye-boron nitride (BN) futhi inesakhiwo esifana nedayimane.
I-PCBN (i-polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) iyisisetshenziswa se-polycrystalline lapho izinto ezinhle ze-CBN zihlanganiswa ndawonye ngezigaba ezibophayo (TiC, TiN, Al, Ti, njll.) ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela. Njengamanje ingeyesibili-nzima kunayo yonke ehlanganiswe ngokwenziwa. Impahla yethuluzi ledayimane, kanye nedayimane, ngokuhlangene ibizwa ngokuthi i-superhard tool material. I-PCBN isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza imimese noma amanye amathuluzi.
Amathuluzi okusika e-PCBN angahlukaniswa abe izindwani eziqinile ze-PCBN kanye nezindwani eziyinhlanganisela ze-PCBN ezifakwe nge-carbide.
Izindwani eziyinhlanganisela ze-PCBN zenziwa ngokucwilisa ungqimba lwe-PCBN enogqinsi luka-0.5 kuya ku-1.0mm ku-carbide enosimende enamandla amahle kanye nokuqina. Ukusebenza kwayo kuhlanganisa ukuqina okuhle nobulukhuni obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka. Ixazulula izinkinga zamandla okugoba aphansi kanye nokushisela okunzima kwama-CBN blades.
⑵ Izakhiwo eziyinhloko nezici ze-cubic boron nitride
Nakuba ubulukhuni be-cubic boron nitride buphansi kancane kunedayimane, buphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu. Inzuzo evelele ye-CBN ukuthi ukuzinza kwayo okushisayo kuphakeme kakhulu kunedayimane, kufinyelela emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-1200 ° C (idayimane i-700-800 ° C). Enye inzuzo evelele ukuthi ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali futhi ayiphenduli ngensimbi ku-1200-1300 ° C. ukusabela. Izici eziyinhloko zokusebenza kwe-cubic boron nitride yilezi ezilandelayo.
① Ukuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqokwa: Isakhiwo sekristalu ye-CBN sifana nedayimane, futhi inobulukhuni obufanayo namandla njengedayimane. I-PCBN ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukucubungula izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu ezingase zigaywe ngaphambili, futhi ingathola ikhwalithi engcono yendawo yokusebenza.
② Ukuzinza okuphezulu kokushisa: Ukumelana nokushisa kwe-CBN kungafinyelela ku-1400 ~ 1500℃, okucishe kube izikhathi ezi-1 ngaphezu kokumelana nokushisa kwedayimane (700 ~ 800 ℃). Amathuluzi e-PCBN angasika ama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu nensimbi eqinile ngesivinini esikhulu izikhathi ezi-3 kuye kwezingu-5 ngaphezu kwamathuluzi e-carbide.
③ Ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu: Ayinakho ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali nezinto ezisekelwe ku-iron kufika ku-1200-1300 ° C, futhi ngeke igqoke ngokucijile njengedayimane. Ngalesi sikhathi, isengakwazi ukugcina ubulukhuni be-carbide enosimende; Amathuluzi e-PCBN afanele ukusika insimbi ecishiwe Izingxenye kanye nensimbi ephonsiwe ebandayo, ingasetshenziswa kabanzi ekusikeni ngesivinini esikhulu sensimbi ekhonjiwe.
④ I-thermal conductivity enhle: Nakuba i-thermal conductivity ye-CBN ingakwazi ukuhambisana nedayimane, ukuqhutshwa kokushisa kwe-PCBN phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlukahlukene kungokwesibili ngemva kwedayimane, futhi kuphakeme kakhulu kunensimbi enesivinini esikhulu kanye ne-carbide enosimende.
⑤ Ine-coefficient ephansi ye-friction: I-coefficient ephansi ye-friction ingaholela ekunciphiseni amandla okusika ngesikhathi sokusika, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokusika, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yendawo esebenza ngomshini.
⑶ Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okusika i-cubic boron nitride
I-Cubic boron nitride ilungele ukuqedela izinto ezihlukahlukene okunzima ukuzisika njengensimbi ecishiwe, insimbi eqinile, ama-alloys ashisa kakhulu, i-carbide enosimende, nezinto zokufutha ezingaphezulu. Ukunemba kokucubungula kungafinyelela ku-IT5 (imbobo iyi-IT6), futhi inani lokuma okungaphezulu lingaba lincane njengo-Ra1.25~0.20μm.
Ithuluzi le-cubic boron nitride linamandla okuqina namandla okugoba. Ngakho-ke, amathuluzi okuguqula i-cubic boron nitride awafanele umshini onzima ngesivinini esiphansi kanye nemithwalo yethonya eliphezulu; ngasikhathi sinye, azifanelekeli ukusika izinto ezine-plasticity ephezulu (njengama-alloys e-aluminium, ama-alloys ethusi, ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel, ama-steels ane-plasticity ephezulu, njll.), ngoba ukusika le miphetho Eyakhiwe Kakhulu izokwenzeka lapho isebenza. ngensimbi, ukuwohloka kwendawo eyenziwe ngomshini.
3. izinto ze-ceramic zamathuluzi
Amathuluzi okusika i-Ceramic anezici zokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana okuhle kokugqoka, ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, futhi akulula ukubopha ngensimbi. Amathuluzi e-Ceramic adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kumishini ye-CNC. Amathuluzi e-Ceramic abe elinye lamathuluzi ayinhloko wokusika ngesivinini esikhulu kanye nokucubungula izinto ezinzima zomshini. Amathuluzi okusika i-Ceramic asetshenziswa kakhulu ekusikeni ngesivinini esikhulu, ukusika okomile, ukusika okunzima nokusika izinto ezinzima zomshini. Amathuluzi e-Ceramic angakwazi ukucubungula ngokuphumelelayo izinto eziqinile eziqinile amathuluzi endabuko angakwazi ukuzicubungula nhlobo, eqaphela "ukuguqula esikhundleni sokugaya"; isivinini sokusika esilungile samathuluzi e-ceramic singaba izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-10 ngaphezu kwamathuluzi e-carbide, ngaleyo ndlela sithuthukise kakhulu ukusika ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. ; Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ezintweni zamathuluzi e-ceramic ziyizakhi ezitholakala kakhulu oqweqweni lomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuthazwa nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi e-ceramic kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umkhiqizo, ukunciphisa izindleko zokucubungula, kanye nokulondoloza izinsimbi eziyigugu zamasu. Izophinde ikhuthaze kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokusika. inqubekelaphambili.
⑴ Izinhlobo zamathuluzi e-ceramic
Izinhlobo zezinto zamathuluzi e-Ceramic ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu: izitsha zobumba ezisekelwe ku-alumina, izitsha zobumba ezisekelwe ku-silicon nitride, nezinsimbi eziyinhlanganisela ye-silicon nitride-alumina-based ceramics. Phakathi kwazo, i-alumina-based kanye ne-silicon nitride-based ceramic tool isetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwezitsha zobumba ezisekelwe ku-silicon nitride kuphakeme kunokwezinto zobumba ezenziwe nge-alumina.
⑵ Ukusebenza nezici zamathuluzi okusika e-ceramic
① Ukuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqokwa okuhle: Nakuba ubulukhuni bamathuluzi okusika i-ceramic bungekho phezulu njenge-PCD ne-PCBN, buphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo ye-carbide namathuluzi okusika insimbi enesivinini esikhulu, afinyelela ku-93-95HRA. Amathuluzi okusika i-Ceramic angakwazi ukucubungula izinto eziqinile ezinzima ukucubungula ngamathuluzi wokusika wendabuko futhi afanele ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu nokusika kanzima.
② Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokumelana nokushisa okuhle: Amathuluzi okusika i-Ceramic asengasika emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-1200 ° C. Amathuluzi okusika i-Ceramic anezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini yokushisa okuphezulu. Amathuluzi okusika e-ceramic e-A12O3 anokumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation. Ngisho noma umkhawulo wokusika usesimweni esibomvu-ukushisa, ungasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, amathuluzi e-ceramic angafinyelela ukusika okomile, ngaleyo ndlela aqede isidingo sokusika uketshezi.
③ Ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali: Amathuluzi okusika i-Ceramic akulula ukuwahlanganisa nensimbi, futhi awakwazi ukugqwala futhi anokusimama okuhle kwamakhemikhali, anganciphisa ukuguga okubophayo kwamathuluzi okusika.
④ I-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana: Ukuhlobana phakathi kwamathuluzi e-ceramic nensimbi kuncane, futhi i-coefficient yokungqubuzana iphansi, enganciphisa amandla okusika kanye nezinga lokushisa lokusika.
⑶ Imimese yobumba inezinhlelo zokusebenza
I-Ceramics ingenye yezinto zamathuluzi ezisetshenziselwa ukuqeda ngesivinini esikhulu kanye nokuqeda kancane. Amathuluzi okusika i-Ceramic afanele ukusika izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ezisansimbi (insimbi empunga, i-ductile iron, insimbi ethambile, insimbi epholile epholile, i-alloy high wear-resistant cast iron) nezinto zensimbi (i-carbon structural steel, i-alloy structural iron, insimbi enamandla amakhulu, insimbi ephezulu ye-manganese, insimbi ecishiwe njll.), ingasetshenziswa futhi ukusika ama-alloys ethusi, i-graphite, amapulasitiki obunjiniyela kanye nezinto eziyinhlanganisela.
Izinto ezibonakalayo zamathuluzi okusika i-ceramic zinezinkinga zamandla okugoba aphansi kanye nokuqina komthelela omubi, okubenza bangafaneleki ukusika ngesivinini esiphansi nangaphansi kwemithwalo yethonya.
4. Izinto zamathuluzi ezimboziwe
Amathuluzi okusika i-coating ingenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamathuluzi. Ukuvela kwamathuluzi amboziwe kulethe impumelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kokusika kwamathuluzi okusika. Amathuluzi amboziwe ambozwe ngesendlalelo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu senhlanganisela ye-refractory enokumelana okuhle nokugqokwa emzimbeni wamathuluzi ngokuqina okuhle. Ihlanganisa i-matrix yamathuluzi ne-coating eqinile, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwamathuluzi. Amathuluzi ahlanganisiwe angathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, athuthukise ukunemba kokucubungula, andise impilo yesevisi yamathuluzi, futhi ehlise izindleko zokucubungula.
Cishe u-80% wamathuluzi okusika asetshenziswa emishinini entsha ye-CNC asebenzisa amathuluzi amboziwe. Amathuluzi ahlanganisiwe azoba ithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu elihlukahlukene emkhakheni wemishini ye-CNC esikhathini esizayo.
⑴ Izinhlobo zamathuluzi anandiwe
Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokumboza, amathuluzi amboziwe angahlukaniswa abe ngamathuluzi ahlanganiswe umhwamuko wamakhemikhali (CVD) kanye namathuluzi ahlanganiswe umhwamuko obonakalayo (PVD). Amathuluzi okusika i-carbide eboshwe ngokuvamile asebenzisa indlela yokubeka umhwamuko wamakhemikhali, futhi izinga lokushisa lokubeka licishe libe ngu-1000°C. Amathuluzi okusika ensimbi anesivinini esikhulu ngokuvamile asebenzisa indlela yokubeka umhwamuko obonakalayo, futhi izinga lokushisa lokubeka licishe libe ngu-500°C;
Ngokusho kwezinto ezihlukene ze-substrate zamathuluzi ahlanganisiwe, amathuluzi amboziwe angahlukaniswa abe amathuluzi ahlanganiswe ne-carbide, amathuluzi ensimbi anesivinini esikhulu, namathuluzi amboziwe kuma-ceramics nezinto eziqinile (idayimane ne-cubic boron nitride).
Ngokwezakhiwo zezinto zokumboza, amathuluzi amboziwe angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili, okungukuthi amathuluzi “aqinile” anamathuluzi namathuluzi ‘athambile’ anameka. Imigomo eyinhloko elandelwa ngamathuluzi “aqinile” ahlanganiswe ubulukhuni obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko ubulukhuni obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqokwa okuhle, ngokuvamile i-TiC ne-TiN yokumboza. Umgomo olandelwa ngamathuluzi okugcoba "athambile" yi-coefficient ephansi ye-friction, eyaziwa nangokuthi amathuluzi okuzigcoba, aphikisana nezinto zokusebenza I-coefficient iphansi kakhulu, i-0.1 kuphela, enganciphisa ukunamathela, ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana, nokunciphisa ukusika. amandla kanye nezinga lokushisa lokusika.
Amathuluzi okusika e-Nanocoating (Nanoeoating) asanda kwakhiwa. Amathuluzi anjalo amboziwe angasebenzisa inhlanganisela ehlukene yezinto zokumboza (njengensimbi/insimbi, insimbi/i-ceramic, i-ceramic/ceramic, njll.) ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukene zokusebenza nokusebenza. I-nano-coatings eklanywe kahle ingenza izinto zamathuluzi zibe nemisebenzi emihle kakhulu yokunciphisa ukungqubuzana kanye ne-anti-wear kanye nezakhiwo zokuzigcoba, okuzenza zifanelekele ukusika okomile ngesivinini esiphezulu.
⑵ Izici zamathuluzi okusika amboziwe
① Ukusebenza okuhle kokusebenza nokusika: Amathuluzi amboziwe ahlanganisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zesisekelo nezinto zokumboza. Abagcini nje ngokugcina ukuqina okuhle namandla aphezulu ezinto eziyisisekelo, kodwa futhi banokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kanye ne-coefficient ephansi ye-Friction. Ngakho-ke, ijubane lokusika lamathuluzi amboziwe linganyuswa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-2 kunalawo amathuluzi angenalutho, futhi amazinga aphezulu okuphakelayo avunyelwe. Ukuphila kwamathuluzi amboziwe nakho kuyathuthukiswa.
② Ukuguquguquka okunamandla: Amathuluzi amboziwe anokuguquguquka okubanzi futhi andisa kakhulu ububanzi bokucubungula. Ithuluzi elilodwa eliboshwe lingashintsha amathuluzi amaningana anganandiwe.
③ Ukuqina kwe-coating: Njengoba ukushuba kwe-coating kukhula, impilo yethuluzi nayo izokhula, kodwa lapho ukushuba kokumboza kufinyelela ekugcwaliseni, impilo yethuluzi ngeke isakhula kakhulu. Lapho ukugqoka kukhulu kakhulu, kuzobangela kalula ukuxebuka; lapho ukugqoka kuncane kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqoka kuyoba mpofu.
④ Ukuqina kabusha: Izindwani ezimboziwe azikwazi ukuphinda zigaywe kahle, okokusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuhlanganisa, izidingo zenqubo ephezulu, nesikhathi eside sokumboza.
⑤ Izinto zokumboza: Amathuluzi anezinto ezihlukene zokuhlanganisa anokusebenza okuhlukile kokusika. Isibonelo: lapho usika ngesivinini esiphansi, ukugqoka kwe-TiC kunezinzuzo; uma usika ngesivinini esikhulu, i-TiN ifaneleka kakhulu.
⑶Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okusika amboziwe
Amathuluzi ahlanganisiwe anamandla amakhulu emkhakheni we-CNC machining futhi azoba ithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu elihlukahlukene emkhakheni we-CNC machining esikhathini esizayo. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa buye basetshenziswa ezigayweni, izinsimbi zokumba, izinsimbi zokubhoboza, amathuluzi ayinhlanganisela okucubungula imbobo, izinsimbi zamagiya, izisiki zokushefa amagiya, izinqamuli zokushefa, ama-broaches okwakha kanye nezinto ezifaka inkomba ezihlukahlukene eziboshwe ngomshini ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokucutshungulwa kwesivinini esikhulu. Izidingo zezinto ezifana nensimbi nensimbi ekhonjiwe, ama-alloys angangeni ekushiseni nezinsimbi ezingenayo ayoni.
5. Izinto zamathuluzi e-Carbide
Amathuluzi okusika i-Carbide, ikakhulukazi amathuluzi okusika i-carbide anenkomba, ayimikhiqizo ehamba phambili yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, izinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi ahlukahlukene okusika i-carbide abalulekile noma okunenkomba noma okufakwayo kuye kwanwetshwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinkambu zamathuluzi okusika, lapho amathuluzi e-carbide e-indexable anwebekile ukusuka kumathuluzi alula wokujika kanye nezisiki zokugaya ubuso ukuya kwezingadi ezihlukahlukene zokunemba, eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezinkambu zamathuluzi.
⑴ Izinhlobo zamathuluzi okusika i-carbide
Ngokokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuyinhloko, i-carbide enosimende ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide ne-titanium carbon (nitride) (TiC(N))-based cemented carbide.
I-tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu: i-tungsten cobalt (YG), i-tungsten cobalt titanium (YT), kanye ne-carbide engavamile (YW). Ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Izingxenye eziyinhloko yi-tungsten carbide (WC) ne-titanium carbide. (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), niobium carbide (NbC), njll. Isigaba sokubopha insimbi esivame ukusetshenziswa yi-Co.
I-Titanium carbon (nitride)-based cemented carbide iyi-carbide enosimende ene-TiC njengengxenye eyinhloko (abanye bengeza amanye ama-carbides noma ama-nitride). Izigaba zokubopha insimbi ezivame ukusetshenziswa yi-Mo kanye ne-Ni.
I-ISO (International Organisation for Standardization) ihlukanisa ukusika i-carbide ngezigaba ezintathu:
I-Class K, okuhlanganisa i-Kl0 ~ K40, ilingana nesigaba se-YG sezwe lami (ingxenye eyinhloko yi-WC.Co).
Isigaba se-P, okuhlanganisa i-P01 ~ P50, ilingana nesigaba se-YT yezwe lami (ingxenye eyinhloko yi-WC.TiC.Co).
Ikilasi M, elihlanganisa i-M10~M40, lilingana nesigaba sezwe lami se-YW (ingxenye eyinhloko i-WC-TiC-TaC(NbC)-Co).
Ibanga ngalinye limele uchungechunge lwama-alloys asukela kokuqina okuphezulu kuye kokuqina okukhulu anenombolo ephakathi kuka-01 no-50.
⑵ Izici zokusebenza zamathuluzi okusika i-carbide
① Ukuqina okuphezulu: Amathuluzi okusika i-carbide enziwe ngama-carbide anobulukhuni obuphezulu nendawo encibilikayo (okuthiwa isigaba esiqinile) nezibophezelo zensimbi (ezibizwa ngesigaba sokubopha) nge-powder metallurgy, enobulukhuni obungu-89 kuya ku-93HRA. , ephakeme kakhulu kunensimbi enesivinini esikhulu. Ku-5400C, ubulukhuni busengafinyelela ku-82 ~ 87HRA, obufana nobulukhuni bensimbi yesivinini esiphezulu ekamelweni lokushisa (83 ~ 86HRA). Inani lobulukhuni be-carbide enosimende lishintsha ngohlobo, inani, usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-carbides kanye nokuqukethwe kwesigaba sokubopha insimbi, futhi ngokuvamile liyehla ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwesigaba sensimbi sokubopha. Uma okuqukethwe kwesigaba se-binder kufana, ubulukhuni bezinhlayiya ze-YT bungaphezu kokwama-alloys e-YG, futhi ama-alloys angezwe nge-TaC (NbC) anokuqina okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa.
② Amandla okugoba nokuqina: Amandla okugoba e-carbide enosimende evame ukusetshenziswa aphakathi kuka-900 kuya ku-1500MPa. Ukuphakama kwesigaba se-binder yensimbi, kuyanda amandla okuguquguquka. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-binder kufana, amandla ohlobo lwe-YG (WC-Co) alloy aphezulu kunalawo ohlobo lwe-YT (WC-TiC-Co) alloy, futhi njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-TiC kukhula, amandla ayancipha. I-carbide enosimende iyinto ephukayo, futhi ukuqina kwayo komthelela ekushiseni kwegumbi kungu-1/30 kuya ku-1/8 kuphela wensimbi enesivinini esikhulu.
⑶ Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okusika i-carbide asetshenziswa kakhulu
Ama-alloys e-YG asetshenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni i-iron cast, izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi. I-carbide enosimende eqinile (efana ne-YG3X, YG6X) inokuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka kune-medium-grained carbide enokuqukethwe okufanayo kwe-cobalt. Ilungele ukucubungula insimbi ekhethekile eqinile, insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, ingxubevange ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa, ingxubevange ye-Titanium, ithusi eliqinile nezinto zokuvikela ezingagugi, njll.
Izinzuzo ezivelele ze-YT uhlobo lwe-carbide enosimende ubulukhuni obukhulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuhle, ubulukhuni obuphakeme namandla okucindezela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kunohlobo lwe-YG, kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation okuhle. Ngakho-ke, lapho ummese udingeka ukuthi ube nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka, ibanga elinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-TiC kufanele kukhethwe. Ama-alloys e-YT afanele ukucubungula izinto zepulasitiki ezifana nensimbi, kodwa azifanele ukucubungula ama-titanium alloys nama-silicon-aluminium alloys.
Ingxubevange ye-YW inezakhiwo ze-YG ne-YT alloys, futhi inezici ezinhle ezihlanganisayo. Ingasetshenziselwa ukucubungula insimbi, insimbi eyinsimbi kanye nezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-cobalt kwalolu hlobo lwe-alloy kunyuswa ngokufanelekile, amandla angaba phezulu kakhulu futhi angasetshenziselwa ukusika ama-rough kanye nokusikwa okuphazamisekile kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ezinzima zomshini.
6. Amathuluzi okusika insimbi ngesivinini esiphezulu
I-High Speed Steel (i-HSS) iyinsimbi yensimbi ye-alloy ephezulu engeza izinto eziningi ze-alloying ezifana ne-W, Mo, Cr, kanye ne-V. Amathuluzi okusika ensimbi enesivinini esikhulu anokusebenza okuhle kakhulu okubanzi mayelana namandla, ukuqina nokucutshungulwa. Kumathuluzi okusika ayinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi lawo anomumo we-blade oyinkimbinkimbi njengamathuluzi okucubungula imbobo, abasiki bokugaya, amathuluzi okuthunga, amathuluzi okugcoba, amathuluzi okusika amagiya, njll., insimbi enesivinini esikhulu isasetshenziswa. thatha isikhundla esiphezulu. Imimese yensimbi enesivinini esikhulu kulula ukuyilola ukuze ikhiqize imiphetho ebukhali yokusika.
Ngokusho kokusetshenziswa okuhlukene, insimbi enesivinini esikhulu ingahlukaniswa ngensimbi enesivinini esiphezulu kanye nensimbi esebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu.
⑴ Amathuluzi okusika ensimbi anesivinini esiphezulu senhloso evamile
Inhloso ejwayelekile yensimbi enesivinini esikhulu. Ngokuvamile, ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: insimbi ye-tungsten nensimbi ye-tungsten-molybdenum. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi enesivinini esikhulu luqukethe u-0.7% kuya ku-0.9% (C). Ngokusho kokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwe-tungsten ensimbi, ingahlukaniswa ngensimbi ye-tungsten eno-W engu-12% noma u-18%, insimbi ye-tungsten-molybdenum eno-W okuqukethwe okungu-6% noma u-8%, nensimbi ye-molybdenum eno-W okuqukethwe. ka-2% noma engekho W. . Insimbi enesivinini esijwayelekile-inhloso ejwayelekile inobunzima obuthile (63-66HRC) nokumelana nokugqoka, amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina, ipulasitiki enhle nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ayinkimbinkimbi.
① Insimbi ye-Tungsten: Ibanga elijwayelekile lensimbi ye-tungsten yenhloso evamile yesivinini esiphezulu yi-W18Cr4V, (ebizwa ngokuthi i-W18). Inokusebenza okuhle okuphelele. Ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ku-6000C kungu-48.5HRC, futhi kungasetshenziswa ukwenza amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ayinkimbinkimbi. Inezinzuzo zokugaya okuhle nokuzwela okuphansi kwe-decarburization, kodwa ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-carbide, ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani, izinhlayiya ezinkulu, namandla aphansi kanye nokuqina.
② Insimbi ye-Tungsten-molybdenum: isho insimbi enesivinini esiphezulu etholwe ngokufaka ingxenye ye-tungsten ngensimbi ye-tungsten nge-molybdenum. Ibanga elijwayelekile lensimbi ye-tungsten-molybdenum yi-W6Mo5Cr4V2, (okubhekiselwa kuyo njenge-M2). Izinhlayiya ze-carbide ze-M2 zilungile futhi zifana, futhi amandla ayo, ukuqina kanye ne-plasticity ephezulu yezinga lokushisa kungcono kune-W18Cr4V. Olunye uhlobo lwensimbi ye-tungsten-molybdenum yi-W9Mo3Cr4V (W9 ngamafuphi). Ukuzinza kwayo okushisayo kuphakeme kancane kunensimbi ye-M2, amandla ayo okugoba nokuqina kungcono kune-W6M05Cr4V2, futhi inokucutshungulwa okuhle.
⑵ Amathuluzi okusika ensimbi asebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu
Insimbi esebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu ibhekisela ohlotsheni lwensimbi olusha olungeza okunye okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, okuqukethwe kwe-vanadium, nezinto ezixutshwayo ezifana ne-Co ne-Al ekwakhiweni kwensimbi enesivinini esikhulu esisetshenziselwa injongo evamile, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukumelana kwayo nokushisa nokumelana nokuguga. . Kukhona ikakhulukazi izigaba ezilandelayo:
① High carbon high speed steel. Insimbi enesivinini esiphezulu sekhabhoni (efana ne-95W18Cr4V) inobunzima obuphezulu endaweni yokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ilungele ukukhiqiza kanye nokucubungula insimbi evamile nensimbi ecijile, izinsimbi zokubhoboza, izinsimbi ezivuselelwa kabusha, ompompi nezinsimbi zokugaya ezinezidingo eziphakeme zokungagugi, noma amathuluzi okucubungula izinto eziqinile. Ayifanelekile ukumelana nemithelela emikhulu.
② High vanadium high speed steel. Amabanga ajwayelekile, afana ne-W12Cr4V4Mo, (okubizwa ngokuthi i-EV4), anokuqukethwe kwe-V okukhuphukele ku-3% kuya ku-5%, anokumelana nokugqokwa okuhle, futhi afanele ukusika izinto ezidala ukugqokwa kwamathuluzi amakhulu, njengemicu, irabha eqinile, amapulasitiki. , njll., futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukucubungula Izinto ezifana nensimbi engagqwali, insimbi enamandla amakhulu kanye nama-alloys aphezulu okushisa.
③ Cobalt high speed steel. Kuyinsimbi ene-cobalt ene-super-hard high-speed steel. Amabanga ajwayelekile, afana ne-W2Mo9Cr4VCo8, (okubizwa ngokuthi i-M42), anobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu. Ubulukhuni bayo bungafinyelela ku-69-70HRC. Ifanele ukucubungula izinsimbi ezinzima ukumelana nokushisa, ama-alloys aphezulu, ama-titanium alloys, njll. Izinto zokucubungula: I-M42 inokugaya okuhle futhi ifanele ukwenza ukunemba namathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ayifanelekile. ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokusika umthelela.
④ Insimbi ye-Aluminium high speed. Kuyinsimbi equkethe i-aluminium enesivinini esikhulu esiqinile. Amabanga ajwayelekile, isibonelo, i-W6Mo5Cr4V2Al, (okubhekiselwa kuyo ngokuthi 501). Ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ku-6000C nakho kufinyelela ku-54HRC. Ukusebenza kokusika kuyalingana ne-M42. Ilungele ukukhiqiza ama-milling cutters, ama-drill bits, ama-reamer, ama-gier cutter, nama-broaches. njll., esetshenziselwa ukucubungula izinto ezifana nensimbi ye-alloy, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi enamandla amakhulu kanye nama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu.
⑤ Nitrogen super-hard high-speed steel. Amabanga ajwayelekile, afana ne-W12M03Cr4V3N, abizwa ngokuthi (V3N), ayizinsimbi ezinesivinini esikhulu esine-nitrogen eqinile. Ubulukhuni, amandla, kanye nokuqina kulingana ne-M42. Zingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sezinsimbi ezinesivinini esikhulu se-cobalt futhi zisetshenziselwa ukusika isivinini esiphansi sezinto ezilukhuni ukuya komshini kanye nesivinini esiphansi, izinsimbi ezinembayo eziphezulu. ukucubungula.
⑶ Ukuncibilikisa insimbi enesivinini esikhulu kanye nensimbi eyimpushana enesivinini esikhulu
Ngokwezinqubo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza, insimbi enesivinini esikhulu ingahlukaniswa ibe yinsimbi encibilikisayo enesivinini esikhulu kanye nensimbi eyimpushana enesivinini esikhulu.
① Ukuncibilika kwensimbi enesivinini esikhulu: Kokubili insimbi enesivinini esiphezulu kanye nensimbi esebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu yenziwa ngezindlela zokuncibilika. Enziwa abe imimese ngezinqubo ezinjengokuncibilikisa, ukuphonsa ingot, nokucwenga nokugingqika. Inkinga engathi sína eyenzeka kalula lapho kuncibilikiswa insimbi enesivinini esikhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwe-carbide. Ama-carbide aqinile futhi aphukayo asatshalaliswa ngokungalingani ensimbi enesivinini esikhulu, futhi izinhlamvu zimahhadla (kufika kuma-microns amaningi), okuthinta ukumelana nokugqokwa kanye nokuqina kwamathuluzi ensimbi anesivinini esikhulu. futhi kuthinte kabi ukusebenza kokusika.
② Insimbi ye-Powder metallurgy high-speed steel (PM HSS): I-Powder metallurgy high-speed steel (PM HSS) iyinsimbi ewuketshezi encibilikisiwe esithandweni sokungenisa imvamisa ephezulu, efakwe i-athomu ene-argon yokucindezela okuphezulu noma i-nitrogen emsulwa, bese icinywa ukuze ithole. amakristalu amahle futhi afanayo. Isakhiwo (impushana yensimbi enesivinini esikhulu), bese ucindezela impushana ewumphumela ube ummese ongenalutho ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu, noma uqale wenze i-billet yensimbi bese uyifoja bese uyigoqa ibe yisimo sommese. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi enesivinini esikhulu ekhiqizwa indlela yokuncibilika, i-PM HSS inezinzuzo zokuthi izinhlamvu ze-carbide zilungile futhi zifana, futhi amandla, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqoka kuthuthukiswa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi encibilikisiwe enesivinini esikhulu. Emkhakheni wamathuluzi e-CNC ayinkimbinkimbi, amathuluzi we-PM HSS azothuthuka futhi athathe isikhundla esibalulekile. Amabanga ajwayelekile, afana ne-F15, FR71, GFl, GF2, GF3, PT1, PVN, njll., angasetshenziswa ukwenza amathuluzi okusika amasayizi amakhulu, athwele kanzima, anethonya elikhulu, kanye namathuluzi okusika anembayo.
Izimiso Zokukhetha Izinto Zokusebenza Ze-CNC
Njengamanje, izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zamathuluzi e-CNC ikakhulukazi zifaka amathuluzi edayimane, amathuluzi e-cubic boron nitride, amathuluzi e-ceramic, amathuluzi aboshwe, amathuluzi e-carbide, amathuluzi ensimbi anesivinini esikhulu, njll. Kunamamaki amaningi ezinto zamathuluzi, futhi izakhiwo zazo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa izinkomba zokusebenza eziyinhloko zezinto ezihlukahlukene zamathuluzi.
Izinto zamathuluzi zomshini we-CNC kumele zikhethwe ngokuya ngocezu lokusebenza olucutshungulwayo kanye nohlobo lokucubungula. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zamathuluzi kufanele kufaniswe ngokunengqondo nento yokucubungula. Ukumataniswa kwezinto zamathuluzi okusika kanye nezinto zokucubungula ikakhulukazi kubhekiselwa ekufaniseni izakhiwo zemishini, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali kokubili ukuze kutholwe ukuphila kwamathuluzi okude kakhulu kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu kokusika.
1. Ukufanisa izakhiwo zemishini zokusika izinto zamathuluzi nezinto zokucubungula
Inkinga yokufanisa izakhiwo zemishini yethuluzi lokusika kanye nento yokucubungula ikakhulukazi ibhekisela ekufanisweni kwemingcele yempahla yemishini njengamandla, ukuqina nokuqina kwethuluzi kanye nempahla yokusebenza. Izinto zamathuluzi ezinezakhiwo ezihlukene zemishini zifanelekile ukucubungula izinto ezihlukene zokusebenzela.
① Ukuhleleka kokuqina kwento yamathuluzi yilokhu: ithuluzi ledayimane>ithuluzi le-cubic boron nitride>ithuluzi le-ceramic>tungsten carbide>insimbi enesivinini esikhulu.
② Ukuhleleka kwamandla okugoba kwezinto zamathuluzi yilokhu: insimbi enesivinini esikhulu > i-carbide enosimende > amathuluzi e-ceramic > idayimane ne-cubic boron nitride amathuluzi.
③ Ukuhleleka kokuqina kwezinto zamathuluzi yilokhu: insimbi enesivinini esikhulu>i-tungsten carbide>i-cubic boron nitride, amathuluzi edayimane nawobumba.
Izinto zokwakha ezinokuqina okuphezulu kufanele zicutshungulwe ngamathuluzi okuqina okuphezulu. Ukuqina kwempahla yamathuluzi kufanele kube kuphakeme kunokuqina kwempahla yokusebenza, okudingeka ngokuvamile ibe ngaphezu kuka-60HRC. Ukuphakama kokuqina kwempahla yamathuluzi, kungcono ukumelana nokugqoka kwayo. Isibonelo, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-cobalt ku-carbide enosimende kwanda, amandla nokuqina kwayo kuyanda futhi ukuqina kwayo kuncipha, okwenza kube kufanelekile umshini onzima; lapho okuqukethwe kwe-cobalt kuncipha, ubulukhuni bayo nokumelana nokugqoka kwanda, okwenza kube kufanelekile ukuqeda.
Amathuluzi anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini yokushisa okuphezulu afaneleka ngokukhethekile ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu. Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa okuphezulu kwamathuluzi okusika i-ceramic kubenza bakwazi ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi isivinini sokusika esivunyelwe singaba izikhathi ezingu-2 kuya kwezingu-10 ngaphezu kwe-carbide enosimende.
2. Ukufanisa izici ezibonakalayo zethuluzi lokusika into emshinini
Amathuluzi anezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, njengamathuluzi ensimbi anesivinini esiphezulu ane-conductivity ephezulu eshisayo kanye nephuzu elincibilikayo eliphansi, amathuluzi e-ceramic anephuzu eliphakeme lokuncibilika kanye nokwanda okushisayo okushisayo, amathuluzi edayimane ane-conductivity ephezulu yokushisa kanye nokwanda okuphansi kwe-thermal, njll., afaneleka ukucubungula izinto ezahlukene zokusebenza. Lapho ucubungula ama-workpieces ane-conductivity ephansi ye-thermal, izinto zamathuluzi ezine-conductivity engcono yokushisa kufanele zisetshenziswe ukuze ukushisa okusika kungadluliselwa ngokushesha futhi izinga lokushisa lokusika lingancishiswa. Ngenxa ye-thermal conductivity ephezulu kanye ne-thermal diffusivity, idayimane lingakwazi ukuhlakaza kalula ukushisa okusika ngaphandle kokubangela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwe-thermal, okubaluleke kakhulu kumathuluzi okwenza imishini adinga ukunemba okuphezulu kwe-dimensional.
① Izinga lokushisa elimelana nokushisa lamathuluzi ahlukahlukene: amathuluzi edayimane angu-700~8000C, amathuluzi e-PCBN angu-13000~15000C, amathuluzi e-ceramic ayi-1100~12000C, i-TiC(N)-based carbide eyi-900~11000C, i-WC-based ultra-based. okusanhlamvu I-Carbide ingu-800~9000C, i-HSS ingu-600~7000C.
② Ukuhleleka kwe-thermal conductivity yezinto ezisetshenziswayo zamathuluzi: PCD>PCBN>WC-based cemented carbide>TiC(N)-based cemented carbide>HSS>Si3N4-based ceramics>A1203-based ceramics.
③ Ukuhleleka kwama-coefficients okunweba okushisayo kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zamathuluzi yilokhu: HSS>WC-based cemented carbide>TiC(N)>A1203-based ceramic>PCBN>Si3N4-based ceramic>PCD.
④ Ukuhleleka kokumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zamathuluzi yilokhu: HSS>WC-based cemented carbide>Si3N4-based ceramics>PCBN>PCD>TiC(N)-based cemented carbide>A1203-based ceramics.
3. Ukufanisa izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zethuluzi lokusika into eyenziwe ngomshini
Inkinga yokumatanisa izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokusika kanye nezinto zokucubungula ikakhulukazi ibhekisela ekufanisweni kwemingcele yokusebenza kwamakhemikhali njengokuhambisana kwamakhemikhali, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ukusabalalisa kanye nokuhlakazwa kwezinto zamathuluzi nezinto zokusebenza. Amathuluzi anezinto ezihlukahlukene afaneleka ukucubungula izinto ezihlukene zokusebenzela.
① Ukumelana nezinga lokushisa okubophayo kwezinto zamathuluzi ahlukahlukene (ngensimbi) yilokhu: PCBN>ceramic>tungsten carbide>HSS.
② Izinga lokushisa lokumelana ne-oxidation lezinto zamathuluzi ahlukahlukene yilezi: ceramic>PCBN>tungsten carbide>diamond>HSS.
③ Amandla okusabalalisa wezinto zamathuluzi (ensimbi) yilawa: idayimane>Izitsha zobumba ezisekelwe ku-Si3N4>PCBN>A1203-based ceramics. Amandla okusabalalisa (kwe-titanium) yilawa: i-A1203-based ceramic>PCBN>SiC>Si3N4>diamond.
4. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwezinto zamathuluzi e-CNC
Ngokuvamile, i-PCBN, amathuluzi e-ceramic, i-carbide eboshiwe kanye namathuluzi e-carbide asekelwe e-TiCN afanele ukucutshungulwa kwe-CNC yezinsimbi ezinsimbi njengensimbi; kuyilapho amathuluzi e-PCD elungele izinto zensimbi ezingenayo insimbi njenge-Al, Mg, Cu kanye nama-alloys awo kanye Nokucutshungulwa kwezinto ezingezona ezensimbi. Ithebula elingezansi libala ezinye zezinto zokwakha zamathuluzi ezingenhla ezifanele ukusetshenzwa.
Amathuluzi e-Xinfa CNC anezici zekhwalithi enhle nenani eliphansi. Ukuze uthole imininingwane, sicela uvakashele:
Abakhiqizi Bamathuluzi E-CNC - Imboni Yamathuluzi Yase-China CNC Nabahlinzeki (xinfatools.com)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-01-2023
