01 Amandla adonsela phansi econsi elincibilikisiwe
Noma iyiphi into izoba nokuthambekela kokuhlehla ngenxa yamandla ayo adonsela phansi. Ekushiseleni okuyisicaba, amandla adonsela phansi econsi lensimbi elincibilikisiwe akhuthaza ukuguquka kweconsi elincibilikisiwe. Nokho, ekushiseleni okuqondile kanye nokushisela phezulu, amandla adonsela phansi econsi elincibilikisiwe avimbela ukuguquka kweconsi elincibilikisiwe liye echibini elincibilikisiwe futhi libe isithiyo.
02 Ukushuba kobuso
Njengezinye izinto eziwuketshezi, i-liquid metal ine-tension surface, okungukuthi, lapho kungekho mandla angaphandle, indawo engaphezulu yoketshezi izoncishiswa futhi incishwe ibe yindingiliza. Ngensimbi ewuketshezi, ukungezwani kwendawo kwenza insimbi encibilikisiwe ibe yindilinga.
Ngemva kokuncibilika kwensimbi ye-electrode, insimbi yayo enguketshezi ayiwi ngokushesha, kodwa yakha ithonsi eliyindilinga elilenga ekugcineni kwe-electrode ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushuba kwamanzi. Njengoba i-electrode iqhubeka nokuncibilika, ivolumu yeconsi elincibilikisiwe iyaqhubeka nokwanda kuze kube yilapho amandla asebenza ethonsini elincibilikisiwe edlula ukushuba phakathi kokuhlangana kweconsi elincibilikisiwe kanye nenkaba yokushisela, futhi ithonsi elincibilikisiwe lizogqashuka kumongo wokushisela. kanye nokudlulela echibini elincibilikisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukungezwani kwendawo akuhambisani nokushintshwa kwamaconsi ancibilikisiwe ekushiseleleni okuyisicaba.
Kodwa-ke, ukushuba kwendawo kunenzuzo ekudluliseleni amaconsi ancibilikisiwe lapho kushiselwa kwezinye izikhundla ezifana nokushisela phezulu. Okokuqala, insimbi ye-pool encibilikisiwe ilenga ibheke phansi kwi-weld ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushuba kwendawo futhi akulula ukuconsa;
Okwesibili, lapho iconsi elincibilikisiwe ekugcineni kwe-electrode lithinta insimbi yechibi elincibilikisiwe, ithonsi elincibilikisiwe lizodonselwa echibini elincibilikisiwe ngenxa yesenzo sokushuba kwangaphezulu kwechibi elincibilikisiwe.
Uma kushuba kakhulu ebusweni, i-droplet encibilikisiwe iba nkulu ekugcineni kwe-welding core. Ubukhulu bokungezwani kwendawo buhlobene nezici eziningi. Isibonelo, uma ubukhulu be-electrode bukhulu, kukhulu ukushuba kwendawo yeconsi elincibilikisiwe ekugcineni kwe-electrode;
Ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa kwensimbi ewuketshezi, kuncane ukushuba kwayo kwendawo. Ukwengeza i-oxidizing gas (Ar-O2 Ar-CO2) kugesi evikelayo kunganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukungezwani okungaphezulu kwensimbi ewuketshezi, okulungele ukwakheka kwezinhlayiyana ezincibilikisiwe zamaconsi ukuze zidluliselwe echibini elincibilikisiwe.
03 Amandla kazibuthe kagesi (i-electromagnetic contraction force)
Izimbangi ziyaheha, ngakho-ke abaqhubi ababili badonsana. Amandla akhanga amakhondatha amabili abizwa ngokuthi amandla kazibuthe kagesi. Isiqondiso sisuka ngaphandle siye ngaphakathi. Ubukhulu bamandla kazibuthe kagesi bulingana nomkhiqizo wemisinga yamakhondatha amabili, okungukuthi, uma amandla amanje adlula ku-conductor, ayanda amandla kazibuthe kagesi.
Lapho sishisela, singabheka intambo yokushisela eshajiwe kanye neconsi eliwuketshezi ekugcineni kwentambo yokushisela njengoba yakhiwe amakhondaktha amaningi aphethe manje.
Ngale ndlela, ngokwesimiso esishiwo ngenhla somphumela we-electromagnetic effect, akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi intambo yokushisela kanye ne-droplet nakho kungaphansi kwamandla okunciphisa ama-radial kusuka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi kuya enkabeni, ngakho-ke kubizwa ngokuthi amandla okucindezela kagesi.
I-electromagnetic compression force yenza i-cross-section ye-welding rod ijwayele ukuncipha. I-electromagnetic compression force ayinawo umthelela engxenyeni eqinile yenduku yokushisela, kodwa inomthelela omkhulu ensimbi ewuketshezi ekugcineni kwenduku yokushisela, okwenza ukuthi i-droplet yakheke ngokushesha.
Kumaconsi ensimbi ayindilinga, amandla kazibuthe asebenza ame mpo endaweni yawo. Indawo enokuminyana okukhulu kwamanje kuzoba ingxenye yobubanzi obuncane beconsi, okuzoba futhi indawo lapho amandla okucindezela kazibuthe kagesi enza kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, njengoba kancane kancane intamo iba mncane, ukuminyana kwamanje kuyanda, namandla okucindezela kazibuthe kagesi nawo ayanda, okwenza iconsi elincibilikisiwe ligqabuke ngokushesha ekupheleni kwe-electrode futhi lishintshele echibini elincibilikisiwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-droplet encibilikisiwe ingashintsha ngokushelela ekuncibilikeni kunoma iyiphi indawo.
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Kulezi zimo ezimbili ze-welding ephansi yamanje kanye ne-welding, umthelela wamandla okucindezela kagesi kuguquko lwamaconsi ahlukile. Lapho i-welding current iphansi, amandla kazibuthe kagesi mancane. Ngalesi sikhathi, insimbi ewuketshezi ekupheleni kwentambo yokushisela ithinteka kakhulu amandla amabili, enye i-surface tension kanti enye i-gravity.
Ngakho-ke, njengoba ucingo lwe-welding luqhubeka luncibilika, umthamo we-droplet ye-liquid elenga ekupheleni kwentambo yokushisela iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Lapho ivolumu ikhuphuka ngezinga elithile futhi amandla ayo adonsela phansi anele ukunqoba ukungezwani okungaphezulu, i-droplet izohlukana nocingo lokushisela futhi iwele echibini elincibilikisiwe ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi.
Kulesi simo, ubukhulu be-droplet ngokuvamile bukhulu. Uma i-droplet enkulu kangaka idlula igebe le-arc, i-arc ivame ukujikeleza kancane, okuholela ekuqhumeni okukhulu, futhi ukushisa kwe-arc akuzinzile kakhulu. Lapho i-welding current inkulu, amandla okucindezelwa kwe-electromagnetic makhulu uma kuqhathaniswa.
Ngokuphambene, indima yamandla adonsela phansi incane kakhulu. Iconsi eliwuketshezi ngokuyinhloko lishintshela echibini elincibilikisiwe elinamaconsi amancane ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla okucindezela kazibuthe kagesi, futhi ukuqondiswa kunamandla. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ikuphi ukuma kokushisela okuyisicaba noma indawo yokushisela ngaphezulu, insimbi yeconsi ihlala ishintsha isuka ocingweni lokushisela iye echibini elincibilikisiwe elihambisana ne-arc arc ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla kazibuthe wokucindezela indawo.
Ngesikhathi sokushisela, ukuminyana kwamanje ku-electrode noma ocingweni ngokuvamile kukhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, ngakho amandla kazibuthe angamandla amakhulu akhuthaza ukuguquka kweconsi elincibilikisiwe ngesikhathi sokushisela. Lapho kusetshenziswa induku yesihlangu segesi, ubukhulu beconsi elincibilikisiwe lilawulwa ngokulungisa ukuminyana kwe-welding current, okuyindlela enkulu yobuchwepheshe.
Ukushisela amandla kazibuthe azungeze i-arc. Ngaphezu kwemiphumela eshiwo ngenhla, ingaphinda ikhiqize amanye amandla, okungamandla akhiqizwa ukusabalalisa okungalingani kwamandla kazibuthe.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukuminyana kwamanje kwensimbi ye-electrode kukhulu kunobuningi bendawo yokushisela, amandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa ku-electrode makhulu kunomfutho kazibuthe okhiqizwa endaweni yokushisela, ngakho-ke amandla enkundla akhiqizwa eduze kwesiqondisindlela se-longitudinal ye-electrode. .
Isiqondiso sayo sesenzo sisuka endaweni ene-high magnetic field intensity (i-electrode) ukuya endaweni ene-low magnetic field intensity (weldment), ngakho-ke kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo ye-weld iyini, ihlale ivumela ukuguqulwa kokuncibilika. droplet echibini elincibilikisiwe.
04 I-Pole Pressure (amandla wendawo)
Izinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe ku-arc welding ikakhulukazi ama-electron nama-ion amahle. Ngenxa yesenzo senkambu kagesi, umugqa we-electron uhamba ubheke ku-anode futhi ama-ion aqondile aya ku-cathode. Lezi zinhlayiya ezishajiwe zishayisana namachashaza akhanyayo ezigxotsheni ezimbili futhi ziyakhiqizwa.
Lapho i-DC ixhumeke kahle, ukucindezela kwama-ion aqondile kuvimbela ukuguqulwa kweconsi elincibilikisiwe. Lapho i-DC ixhumeke ngokuhlehlayo, ukucindezela kwama-electron okuvimbela ukuguquka kweconsi elincibilikisiwe. Njengoba inqwaba yama-ion e-positive inkulu kune-electron, ingcindezi yokugeleza kwe-ion enhle inkulu kunaleyo yokugeleza kwe-electron.
Ngakho-ke, kulula ukukhiqiza ukuguqulwa kwezinhlayiyana ezinhle lapho uxhumano oluphambene luxhunyiwe, kodwa akulula uma uxhumano oluhle luxhunyiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yezingcindezi ezihlukene zezigxobo.
05 Amandla afutha igesi (amandla okugeleza kwe-plasma)
Ku-welding ye-arc manual, ukuncibilika kwe-electrode coating kubambezeleka kancane ngemuva kokuncibilika kwe-welding core, kwakha ingxenye encane yomkhono ofana "wecilongo" ongakancibiliki ekugcineni kwengubo.
Kunenani elikhulu legesi elikhiqizwa ukubola kwe-coating gasifier kanye ne-CO gas ekhiqizwa yi-oxidation yezinto ze-carbon ku-welding core ku-casing. Lawa magesi akhula ngokushesha ngenxa yokushisisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, futhi agijimele ngalapho kuya khona isikhwama esingancibilikisiwe emoyeni oqondile (oqondile) futhi ozinzile, ephephezela amaconsi ancibilikisiwe echibini elincibilikisiwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo yokushisela ikuphi, lokhu kugeleza komoya kuzoba nenzuzo ekushintsheni kwensimbi encibilikisiwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-20-2024
