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4. Imigodi yama-arc
Kuyinto ehlehlayo eyehlayo ekupheleni kwe-weld, engagcini nje ngokuqeda amandla e-weld, kodwa futhi ibangele imifantu ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa.
4.1 Izimbangela:
Ikakhulukazi, isikhathi sokucisha i-arc sifushane kakhulu ekupheleni kokushisela, noma esamanje esisetshenziswa lapho kushiselwa amapuleti amancanyana sikhulu kakhulu.
4.2 Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:
Lapho ukushisela sekuphelile, yenza i-electrode ihlale isikhathi esifushane noma wenze ukunyakaza okuningana okuyindilinga. Ungayeki i-arc ngokuzumayo ukuze kube nensimbi eyanele ukugcwalisa ichibi elincibilikisiwe. Qinisekisa ukuthi kukhona okwamanje okufanelekile ngesikhathi sokushisela. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zingahlonyiswa ngamapuleti okuqala e-arc ukuze ahole umgodi we-arc ngaphandle kwe-weldment.
5. Ukufakwa kwe-slag
I-5.1 I-Phenomenon: I-non-metallic inclusions efana nama-oxides, ama-nitrides, ama-sulfide, ama-phosphides, njll. atholakala ekushiseni ngokuhlolwa okungabhubhisi, kwakha izimo ezihlukahlukene ezingajwayelekile, futhi ezivamile ziyi-cone-shaped, ne-needle-shaped kanye nokunye. ukufakwa kwe-slag. Ukufakwa kwe-slag kuma-welds ensimbi kuzonciphisa i-plasticity nokuqina kwezakhiwo zensimbi, futhi kuzokwandisa ukucindezeleka, okuholela emakhazeni abandayo futhi ashisayo, okulula ukuqhekeka nokulimaza izingxenye.
5.2 Izizathu:
5.2.1 I-weld base metal ayihlanzwa kahle, i-welding current incane kakhulu, insimbi encibilikisiwe iqina ngokushesha, futhi i-slag ayinaso isikhathi sokuntanta.
5.2.2 Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi eyisisekelo yokushisela kanye nenduku yokushisela kungcolile. Uma kunezingxenye eziningi ezifana ne-oxygen, i-nitrogen, isulfure, i-phosphorus, i-silicon, njll. echibini elincibilikisiwe ngesikhathi sokushisela, ama-non-metallic slag inclusions akhiwa kalula.
5.2.3 Umshiseli akanalo ikhono ekusebenzeni futhi indlela yokuthutha induku ayilungile, ukuze i-slag nensimbi encibilikisiwe ixutshwe futhi ingahlukaniseki, okuvimbela i-slag ekuntanteni.
5.2.4 I-engeli ye-weld groove incane, i-welding rod coating iwe ibe yizicucu futhi ayincibilikisiwe yi-arc; ngesikhathi se-welding ye-multi-layer, i-slag ayihlanzwa kahle, futhi i-slag ayisusiwe ngesikhathi ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okuyizo zonke izimbangela zokufakwa kwe-slag.
5.3 Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula
5.3.1 Sebenzisa izinduku zokushisela ezinomsebenzi omuhle kuphela wenqubo yokushisela, futhi insimbi eshiselwe kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zemibhalo yokuklama.
5.3.2 Khetha amapharamitha enqubo yokushisela afanele ngokuhlola inqubo yokushisela. Naka ukuhlanzwa kwe-welding groove kanye nobubanzi bonqenqema. I-welding rod groove akufanele ibe mncane kakhulu. Ukuze uthole ama-welds anezingqimba eziningi, i-welding slag yengqimba ngayinye yama-welds kumele isuswe ngokucophelela.
5.3.3 Uma usebenzisa ama-electrode ane-acidic, i-slag kufanele ibe ngemuva kwechibi elincibilikisiwe; lapho usebenzisa ama-electrode e-alkaline ukushisela ama-engeli aqondile, ngaphezu kokukhetha kahle i-welding current, kufanele kusetshenziswe i-arc welding emfushane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-electrode kufanele ihanjiswe ngendlela efanele ukuze i-electrode iguquke ngendlela efanele ukuze i-slag intante phezulu.
5.3.4 Sebenzisa ukushisa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphambi kokushisela, ukufudumeza ngesikhathi sokushisela, kanye ne-insulation ngemva kokushisela ukuze kuphole kancane ukuze kuncishiswe ukufakwa kwe-slag.
6. I-Porosity
6.1 Isimangaliso: Igesi emuncwe ensimbi encibilikisiwe yokushisela ayinaso isikhathi sokuphuma echibini elincibilikisiwe ngaphambi kokupholisa, futhi ihlala ngaphakathi kwendawo yokushisela ukuze yakhe izimbobo. Ngokusho kwendawo yama-pores, angahlukaniswa ngama-pores angaphakathi nangaphandle; ngokuya ngokusatshalaliswa nokuma kokukhubazeka kwe-pore, ukuba khona kwama-pores ku-weld kuzonciphisa amandla we-weld, futhi kukhiqize ukugxila kokucindezeleka, ukwandisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo, njll.
6.2 Izizathu
6.2.1 Ikhwalithi yenduku yokushisela ngokwayo ayilungile, induku yokushisela imanzi futhi ayomiswa ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezibaluliwe; i-welding rod coating iyonakala noma ihlutshiwe; i-welding core igqwalile, njll.
6.2.2 Kukhona igesi eyinsalela ekuncibilikisweni kwempahla engumzali; induku yokushisela kanye ne-weldment ingcoliswe ukungcola okufana nokugqwala namafutha, futhi phakathi nenqubo yokushisela, igesi ikhiqizwa ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-gasification.
6.2.3 Umshiseli akanalo ikhono lobuchwepheshe bokusebenza, noma akaboni kahle futhi akakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe nokunamathiswa, ukuze igesi ekumbotsheni ihlanganiswe nesixazululo sensimbi. I-welding current inkulu kakhulu, okwenza induku yokushisela ibe bomvu futhi inciphisa umphumela wokuvikela; ubude be-arc bude kakhulu; i-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla ishintshashintsha kakhulu, okwenza i-arc ishise ngokungazinzile, njll.
6.3 Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula
6.3.1 Khetha izinti zokushisela eziqeqeshiwe, futhi ungasebenzisi izinduku zokushisela ezinezimbotshana eziqhekekile, ezihlutshiwe, eziwohlokile, ezigqwalile noma ezigqwalile kakhulu. Hlanza amabala kawoyela namabala okugqwala eduze nendawo yokushisela nangaphezulu kwenduku yokushisela.
6.3.2 Khetha umsinga ofanele bese ulawula isivinini sokushisela. Preheat workpiece ngaphambi kokushisela. Uma ukushisela sekuqediwe noma kumisiwe isikhashana, i-arc kufanele ihoxiswe kancane kancane, okulungele ukunciphisa isivinini sokupholisa sechibi elincibilikisiwe kanye nokuphuma kwegesi echibini elincibilikisiwe, ukugwema ukuvela kokukhubazeka kwezimbotshana.
6.3.3 Yehlisa umswakama wendawo yokushisela futhi ukhuphule izinga lokushisa lendawo yokusebenza. Lapho ushisela ngaphandle, uma isivinini somoya sifinyelela ku-8m/s, imvula, amazolo, iqhwa, njll., izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ezifana nezinqamuli zomoya nama-canopies kufanele zithathwe ngaphambi kokusebenza kokushisela.
7. Ukwehluleka ukuhlanza i-spatter kanye ne-welding slag ngemva kokushisela
7.1 Umkhuba: Lena inkinga evame kakhulu, engabukeki nje kuphela kodwa futhi eyingozi kakhulu. I-spatter ye-Fusible izokwandisa ukwakheka okuqinile kwendawo ebonakalayo, futhi kulula ukukhiqiza amaphutha njengokuqina nokugqwala kwendawo.
7.2 Izizathu
7.2.1 Isikhumba somuthi sempahla yokushisela siswakama futhi siyawohloka ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, noma induku yokushisela ekhethiwe ayifani nempahla yomzali.
7.2.2 Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokushisela akuhlangabezani nezidingo, okokusebenza kokushisela i-AC ne-DC akufani nezinto zokushisela, indlela yokuxhuma i-polarity yomugqa wesibili wokushisela ayilungile, i-welding current inkulu, i-weld groove edge ilungile. ingcoliswe udoti kanye namabala kawoyela, futhi indawo yokushisela ayihlangabezani nezidingo zokushisela.
7.2.3 Umsebenzisi akanalo ikhono futhi akasebenzi futhi avikele ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo.
7.3 Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula
7.3.1 Khetha okokusebenza okushisela okufanelekile ngokwempahla yomzali yokushisela.
7.3.2 Induku yokushisela kufanele ibe nemishini yokomisa neyokushisa engaguquki, futhi kube ne-dehumidifier ne-air conditioner ekamelweni lokumisa, elingekho ngaphansi kuka-300mm ukusuka phansi kanye nodonga. Sungula uhlelo lokwamukela, ukuthumela, ukusebenzisa, nokugcina izinduku zokushisela (ikakhulukazi imikhumbi yokucindezela).
7.3.3 Hlanza unqenqema lwe-weld ukuze ususe umswakama, amabala kawoyela, nokugqwala emfucumfucwini. Ngesikhathi semvula yasebusika, kwakhiwa ishede elivikelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokushisela.
7.3.4 Ngaphambi kokushisela izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni kanye nensimbi engagqwali, okokuvikela kungasetshenziswa ezintweni eziwumzali kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zokushisela ukuze kuvikelwe. Ungakhetha futhi izinduku zokushisela, izinduku zokushisela eziboshwe kancane kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-argon ukuze kuqedwe i-spatter nokunciphisa i-slag.
7.3.5 Ukusebenza kokushisela kudinga ukuhlanzwa ngesikhathi kwe-welding slag nokuvikelwa.
8. Isibazi se-arc
I-8.1 I-Phenomenon: Ngenxa yokusebenza ngokunganaki, induku yokushisela noma isibambo se-welding sithinta i-weldment, noma intambo yaphansi ithinta i-workpiece kabi, okubangela i-arc isikhathi esifushane, ishiya isibazi se-arc endaweni yokusebenza.
8.2 Isizathu: Umsebenzisi we-welding kagesi akanaki futhi akathathi izinyathelo zokuzivikela futhi anakekele amathuluzi.
8.3 Izinyathelo zokuvimbela: Abashisela kufanele bahlole njalo ukuvaleka kwentambo yesibambo sokushisela kanye nocingo oluphansi olusetshenzisiwe, futhi bazisonge ngesikhathi uma zonakele. Ucingo oluphansi kufanele lufakwe ngokuqinile futhi luthembekile. Ungaqali i-arc ngaphandle kwe-weld lapho ushisela. I-clamp yokushisela kufanele ibekwe yodwa kusuka ezintweni zomzali noma ilengiswe ngokufanele. Nquma ukunikezwa kwamandla ngesikhathi lapho ungashiseli. Uma kutholakala imihuzuko ye-arc, kufanele ipholishwe ngesondo lokugaya likagesi kusenesikhathi. Ngoba ezintweni zokusebenza ezinezidingo zokumelana nokugqwala njengensimbi engagqwali, izibazi ze-arc zizoba indawo yokuqala yokugqwala futhi zinciphise ukusebenza kwento.
9. Weld izibazi
9.1 Isimangaliso: Ukwehluleka ukuhlanza izibazi ze-weld ngemva kokushisela kuzothinta ikhwalithi ye-macroscopic yezinto zokusebenza, futhi ukuphatha okungalungile nakho kuzodala ukuqhekeka kwendawo.
9.2 Imbangela: Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokufakwa kwezinto ezingajwayelekile, izinto zokubeka ama-welding zibangelwa lapho zikhishwa ngemva kokuqedwa.
9.3 Izinyathelo zokuvimbela: Izinto zokufukula ezisetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni kufanele zipholishwe ngesondo lokugaya ukuze kushaywe ngempahla engumzali ngemva kokususwa. Ungasebenzisi i-sledgehammer ukuze ukhiphe izinto ukuze ugweme ukulimaza izinto zomzali. Imigodi yama-arc kanye nemihuzuko ejule kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushiselwa kukagesi kufanele ilungiswe futhi ipholishwe ngesondo lokugaya ukuze ishaywe ngempahla engumzali. Uma nje unaka ngesikhathi sokusebenza, lesi sici singaqedwa.
10. Ukungena okungaphelele
10.1 Isimangaliso: Ngesikhathi sokushisela, impande ye-weld ayihlanganiswa ngokuphelele nento engumzali noma impahla yomzali kanye nokokusebenza komzali kushiselwe ngokungaphelele ngokwengxenye. Lesi sici sibizwa ngokuthi ukungena okungaphelele noma ukuhlanganisa okungaphelele. Inciphisa izakhiwo zemishini yokuhlanganyela futhi izobangela ukugxila kokucindezeleka nokuqhekeka kule ndawo. Ekushiseleni, noma iyiphi i-weld ayivunyelwe ukuthi ibe nokungena okungaphelele.
10.2 Izimbangela
10.2.1 I-groove ayicutshungulwa ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo, ukujiya konqenqema olubuthuntu bukhulu kakhulu, futhi i-engeli ye-groove noma igebe lokuhlanganisa lincane kakhulu.
10.2.2 Uma ukushisela okunezinhlangothi ezimbili, impande yangemuva ayihlanzwa kahle noma izinhlangothi ze-groove kanye ne-interlayer weld azihlanzwa, ukuze ama-oxides, i-slag, njll. ivimbele ukuhlangana okugcwele phakathi kwezinsimbi.
10.2.3 Umshiseli akanalo ikhono ekusebenzeni. Isibonelo, lapho i-welding current inkulu kakhulu, izinto eziyisisekelo azikakancibiliki, kodwa induku yokushisela incibilikile, ukuze izinto eziyisisekelo kanye nenduku yokushisela idiphozithi yensimbi ingahlanganiswa ndawonye; lapho umsinga umncane kakhulu; ijubane lenduku yokushisela lishesha kakhulu, izinto eziyisisekelo kanye nensimbi yokushisela efakwe insimbi ayikwazi ukuhlanganiswa kahle; ekusebenzeni, i-angle yenduku ye-welding ayilungile, ukuncibilika kuchemile ohlangothini olulodwa, noma into yokuvuthela ngesikhathi sokushisela izokwenzeka, okuzodala ukungena okungaphelele lapho i-arc ingakwazi ukwenza khona.
10.3 Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
10.3.1 Lungiselela futhi uhlanganise igebe ngokosayizi wegroove obalulwe emdwebeni wokuklama noma izinga lokucaciswa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-28-2024
