Wonke amaphutha angabonwa ngeso lenyama noma ingilazi yokukhulisa amandla aphansi futhi atholakala phezu kwe-weld, njenge-undercut (undercut), ama-weld nodules, ama-arc pits, ama-surface pores, ama-slag inclusions, ukuqhekeka kwendawo, okungenangqondo. isikhundla se-weld, njll. abizwa ngokuthi amaphutha angaphandle; kuyilapho izimbotshana zangaphakathi, ukufakwa kwe-slag, ukuqhekeka kwangaphakathi, ukungena okungaphelele, nokuhlangana okungaphelele okufanele kutholwe ngokuhlolwa okulimazayo noma izindlela zokuhlola ezikhethekile ezingabhubhisi kubizwa ngokuthi amaphutha angaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, okuvame kakhulu ukwehluleka ukuhlanza i-slag kanye ne-spatter ngemva kokushisela kanye nezibazi ze-weld.
1. Usayizi we-weld awuhlangabezani nezidingo zokucaciswa
1.1 Isenzakalo: Ukuphakama kwe-weld kukhulu kakhulu noma kuncane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa; noma ububanzi be-weld bubanzi kakhulu noma buncane kakhulu, futhi uguquko phakathi kwe-weld ne-base material abushelelezi, indawo engaphezulu ilukhuni, i-weld ayicocekile ngendlela ye-longitudinal ne-transverse, kanye nenani le-concave I-weld ekhoneni yokushisela inkulu kakhulu.
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1.2 Izizathu:
1.2.1 Ukuqonda kokucutshungulwa kwe-weld groove akulungile, i-engeli ye-groove ayilungile noma ubukhulu begebe lokuhlanganisa alilingani.
1.2.2 I-current inkulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushisela, okwenza i-electrode incibilike ngokushesha, okwenza kube nzima ukulawula ukwakheka kokushisela. I-current incane kakhulu, okwenza i-electrode "inamathele" lapho i-arc yokushisela iqalwa, okuholela ekushiseni okungaphelele noma ama-nodules wokushisela.
1.2.3 Ukusebenza komshiseli akulona ikhono ngokwanele, indlela yokunyakaza kwenduku ayilungile, njengokushesha kakhulu noma ukunensa kakhulu, futhi i-engeli ye-electrode ayilungile.
1.2.4 Enqubweni yokushisela okuzenzakalelayo kwe-arc, imingcele yenqubo yokushisela ayikhethwanga ngendlela efanele.
3. Uma kuyingozi kangaka, ingabe umntwana usengakwazi ukulala ngesisu noma ngohlangothi? Impendulo ithi: Yebo, umuntu omdala angayibuka ingane ilele ngohlangothi noma ngesisu kuyilapho iphapheme. Ukulala ngendlela efanele esiswini kuhle kakhulu enganeni. Ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi umntwana uzocwiliswa ubisi, udokotela utusa ukulala ohlangothini, ukuze wonke umzimba wengane ube phezulu, futhi ikhanda elincane lingashintsha isiqondiso ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla nangaphezulu.
4. Imibhede eyengeziwe nayo ifihla ingozi! Ngaphezu komntwana kanye ne-quilt yonyaka, susa imicamelo eyengeziwe, izingubo zokulala, amathoyizi agxiliwe, izingubo nezinye izinsalela ezivela kumbhede. Uma umntwana engcwaba ubuso bakhe kulezi zinto ezithambile, kungenzeka ukuthi avale umlomo nekhala, okubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula. Umbhede wengane awudingi ukuba uthambile kakhulu, futhi ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu umatilasi wengane oqinile. Ukuba umzali akulula, futhi ukuba umzanyana omuhle wokuvalelwa kunzima nakakhulu. Zombili zidinga ukufunda okuqhubekayo kokukhulisa izingane ngokwesayensi. Ngifisa sengathi izingane ezincane zingaba namaphupho amnandi nsuku zonke, futhi ekuseni kakhulu, sebenzisa ukukhala okukhulu noma ukumamatheka okumnandi ukuthi "sawubona" kubazali babo bonke.
1.3 Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula
1.3.1 Lungiselela i-weld groove ngokwezidingo zedizayini kanye nokucaciswa kokushisela, bese uzama ukusebenzisa ukucutshungulwa komshini ukuze wenze i-groove angle kanye nobuqotho bonqenqema lwe-groove kuhlangabezane nezidingo, futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa ukusika kwegesi yokwenziwa kanye nokufosholo ngesandla umsele. Lapho uhlanganisa, qinisekisa ukufana kwegebe le-weld ukubeka isisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela.
1.3.2 Khetha imingcele yenqubo yokushisela efanele ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yokushisela.
1.3.3 Abashisela kufanele bagunyazwe ngaphambi kokuthi basebenze. Abashiseli abaqeqeshiwe banesisekelo esithile sethiyori kanye namakhono okusebenza.
1.3.4 Okwengqimba yokugcina yama-weld we-multi-layer ebusweni bokushisela, ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqinisekisa ukuhlangana nesendlalelo esingezansi, induku yokushisela ene-current encane kunomshini wokushisela phakathi kwesendlalelo ngasinye nobubanzi obuncane (φ2.0mm) ~3.0mm) kufanele isetshenziselwe ukushisela phezulu. Ijubane lenduku yokushisela kufanele libe iyunifomu, liqhubekele phambili ngesigqi ngobude, futhi lenze ububanzi obuthile bokushwibeka kwe-lateral, ukuze indawo yokushisela ibe yinhle futhi ibe yinhle.
2. I-Undercut (inyama elumayo)
2.1 Isimangaliso: I-depression noma i-groove encibilikiswe yi-arc ngesikhathi sokushisela ayingezwa ngensimbi encibilikisiwe futhi ishiya igebe. I-undercut ejulile kakhulu izowenza buthaka amandla ejoyinti lokushisela, kubangele ukugxilisana kwengcindezi yendawo, futhi imifantu izokwenziwa ku-undercut ngemva kokuzala.
2.2 Izizathu:
Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi i-welding current inkulu kakhulu, i-arc yinde kakhulu, i-electrode angle ayilawulwa kahle, isivinini se-electrode asifanele, futhi ubude be-electrode esele ekupheleni kwe-welding bufushane kakhulu. , okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-undercut. Ngokuvamile kuyisici esivamile ekushiseleleni okuqondile, ukushisela okuvundlile, kanye nokushisela phezulu.
2.3 Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
2.3.1 I-current akufanele ibe nkulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushisela, i-arc akufanele ibe yinde kakhulu noma ibe mfushane kakhulu, futhi i-arc welding emfushane kufanele isetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka.
2.3.2 Bazi kahle i-engeli ye-electrode efanele kanye nezindlela zokunyakaza zama-electrode ezinamakhono. Lapho i-electrode ijika iye onqenqemeni, kufanele ihambe kancane ukuze insimbi encibilikisiwe ye-electrode igcwalise usebe, futhi kufanele isheshe kancane phakathi.
2.3.3 Ukujula kwe-weld undercut kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.5mm, ubude kufanele bube ngaphansi kuka-10% wengqikithi yobude be-weld, futhi ubude obuqhubekayo kufanele bube ngaphansi kuka-10mm. Uma ukujula noma ukukhiqizwa kudlula ukubekezelelana okungenhla, isici kufanele sihlanzwe, futhi ububanzi obuncane kanye nohlobo olufanayo lwe-electrode kufanele lusetshenziswe. I-welding current inkulu kancane kunokuvamile, futhi i-welding igcwele.
3. Imifantu
3.1 Isenzakalo: Ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokushisela, ukuqhekeka kwensimbi kwenzeka endaweni yokushisela. Zenzeka ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwe-weld, noma endaweni ethinteke ukushisa. Ngokwendawo yokuqhekeka, zingahlukaniswa zibe imifantu ye-longitudinal, imifantu eguquguqukayo, imifantu ye-arc crater, imifantu yezimpande, njll., engahlukaniswa ibe imifantu eshisayo, imifantu ebandayo kanye nemifantu efudumalayo.
3.2 Izimbangela
3.2.1 Ingcindezi enkulu yenziwa ngemuva kokuthi indawo ethintekile ekushiseleni inciphe.
3.2.2 Impahla engumzali iqukethe izakhiwo eziqine kakhulu futhi ijwayele ukuqhekeka ngemva kokupholisa.
3.2.3 Kukhona ukugcwala kwe-hydrogen okuphezulu kakhulu endaweni yokushisela. Futhi okunye ukungcola kwezinto eziyingozi, njll., kujwayele ukuqhekeka okubandayo nokushisayo.
3.3 Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula:
Isixazululo esiyinhloko ukuqeda ukucindezeleka, ukusebenzisa izinto zokushisela ngendlela efanele, nokuthuthukisa inqubo yokusebenza.
3.3.1 Naka uhlobo lwe-groove yejoyinti lokushisela ukuze kuqedwe imifantu ebangelwa ukushisa okungalingani kanye nokupholisa kwe-weld ngenxa yengcindezi yokushisa. Isibonelo, lapho ushisela amapuleti ensimbi anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ipuleti lensimbi eliwugqinsi kufanele lincishiswe.
3.3.2 Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zemidwebo yokuklama, ukulawula ngokuqinile umthombo we-hydrogen, omise induku yokushisela ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, futhi uhlanze ngokucophelela amafutha, umswakama nokunye ukungcola emseleni.
3.3.3 Ngesikhathi sokushisela, khetha amapharamitha wokushisela anengqondo ukuze ulawule ukushisa okokufaka okuphakathi kuka-800 no-3000℃ okupholisa izinga lokushisa ukuze uthuthukise i-microstructure yendawo yokushisela kanye nendawo ethinteke ukushisa.
3.3.4 Uma izinga lokushisa kwemvelo yokushisela liphansi futhi impahla incane, ngaphezu kokwandisa izinga lokushisa kwendawo yokusebenza, kufanele futhi ishiswe ngaphambi kokushisela. Ngemva kokushisela, zama ukugcina izinga lokushisa futhi lipholile kancane futhi wenze ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokushisela ukuze uqede imifantu ebambezelekile ebangelwa ukucindezeleka okuyinsalela ekushiseleni ngesikhathi sokupholisa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-26-2024
