Amathuluzi okusika e-CNC angamathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukusika ekwenziweni kwemishini, eyaziwa nangokuthi amathuluzi wokusika. Inhlanganisela yemishini emihle yokucubungula kanye namathuluzi wokusika we-CNC aphezulu anganikeza ukudlala okuphelele ekusebenzeni kwayo okufanele futhi azuze izinzuzo ezinhle zezomnotho. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zamathuluzi okusika, izinto ezintsha ezihlukahlukene zokusika zinezakhiwo ezingcono zomzimba, zemishini nokusebenza kokusika. Ithuthukiswe kakhulu, ububanzi besicelo nabo buyakhula.
Isakhiwo samathuluzi e-CNC
1. Isakhiwo samathuluzi ahlukahlukene sakhiwe ingxenye yokubopha kanye nengxenye yokusebenza. Ingxenye yokubopha kanye nengxenye yokusebenza yethuluzi lesakhiwo esibalulekile konke kwenziwa emzimbeni womsiki; ingxenye yokusebenza (izinyo lommese noma i-blade) yethuluzi lesakhiwo sokufaka ifakwe emzimbeni womsiki.
2. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezingxenye zokubopha ezinezimbobo nezibambo. Ithuluzi elinembobo lisethwe ku-shaft eyinhloko noma i-mandrel yethuluzi lomshini ngokusebenzisa imbobo yangaphakathi, futhi umzuzu we-torsional udluliselwa ngokhiye we-axial noma ukhiye wobuso bokuphela, njenge-cylindrical milling cutter, a ishell face milling cutter, njll.
3. Imimese enezibambo ngokuvamile inezinhlobo ezintathu: shank elingunxande, i-cylindrical shank kanye ne-conical shank. Amathuluzi okujika, amathuluzi okuhlela, njll. ngokuvamile amashanki angama-rectangular; ama-conical shanks athwala i-axial thrust by taper, futhi adlulisele i-torque ngosizo lokungqubuzana; ama-cylindrical shanks ngokuvamile afaneleka ama-twist drill amancane, izigayo zokugcina namanye amathuluzi. Amandla okungqubuzana okuwumphumela adlulisa i-torque. I-shank yemimese eminingi ye-shank yenziwe ngensimbi ephansi ye-alloy, futhi ingxenye esebenzayo yenziwe nge-high speed steel butt welding izingxenye ezimbili.
4. Ingxenye esebenzayo yethuluzi ingxenye ekhiqiza futhi icubungule ama-chips, okuhlanganisa izakhi zesakhiwo ezifana ne-blade, isakhiwo esiphukayo noma esigoqa ama-chips, isikhala sokukhipha ama-chip noma ukugcinwa kwe-chip, kanye neshaneli yokusika uketshezi. Ingxenye yokusebenza yamanye amathuluzi yingxenye yokusika, njengamathuluzi aphendukayo, amapulani, amathuluzi ayisicefe kanye nabasiki bokugaya; ingxenye esebenzayo yamanye amathuluzi ihlanganisa izingxenye zokusika kanye nezingxenye zokulinganisa, njengama-drill, ama-reamers, ama-reamers, imimese yokudonsa yangaphakathi nompompi njll. Umsebenzi wengxenye yokusika ukukhipha ama-chips nge-blade, kanye nomsebenzi wengxenye yokulinganisa. iwukuba bushelelezi indawo eyenziwe ngomshini nokuqondisa ithuluzi.
5. Isakhiwo sengxenye yokusebenza yethuluzi sinezinhlobo ezintathu: uhlobo olubalulekile, uhlobo lwe-welding kanye nohlobo lwe-clamping lwemishini. Isakhiwo jikelele siwukwenza umphetho wokusika emzimbeni womsiki; isakhiwo Welding iwukuba braze blade umzimba umsiki steel; kunezinhlaka ezimbili zokubopha ezisebenza ngomshini, eyodwa eyokubamba i-blade emzimbeni womsiki, kanti enye Iwukubopha ikhanda lomsiki eliqinile emzimbeni womsiki. Amathuluzi e-carbide anosimende ngokuvamile enziwa ngezakhiwo ezishiselwe noma izakhiwo zokubopha ngomshini; amathuluzi e-porcelain yizo zonke izakhiwo zokubopha ngomshini.
6. Imingcele yejometri yengxenye yokusika yethuluzi inethonya elikhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokusika kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula. Ukwandisa i-engeli ye-rake kunganciphisa ukuwohloka kwepulasitiki lapho ubuso bereki bukhama ungqimba olusikiwe, futhi kunciphise ukumelana nokungqubuzana kwama-chips ageleza ngaphambili, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise amandla okusika kanye nokusika ukushisa. Kodwa-ke, ukwandisa i-engeli ye-rake kuzonciphisa amandla onqenqema lokusika futhi kunciphise ivolumu yokukhipha ukushisa kwekhanda lokusika.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamathuluzi e-CNC
Isigaba esisodwa: amathuluzi okucubungula izindawo ezihlukene zangaphandle, okuhlanganisa amathuluzi okuguqula, amapulani, abasiki bokugaya, ama-broaches angaphandle namafayela, njll.;
Isigaba sesibili: amathuluzi okucubungula imbobo, okuhlanganisa ukubhoboza, ama-reamer, amathuluzi ayisicefe, ama-reamers nama-broaches angaphakathi angaphakathi, njll.;
Isigaba sesithathu: amathuluzi okucubungula intambo, okuhlanganisa ompompi, ukufa, ukuvula okuzenzakalelayo nokuvala amakhanda okusika intambo, amathuluzi okuguqula intambo kanye nabasiki bezintambo zokugaya, njll.;
Isigaba sesine: amathuluzi okucubungula amagiya, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokungcebeleka, izisiki zokubunjwa kwegiya, izisiki zokushefa, amathuluzi okucubungula amagiya e-bevel, njll.;
Isigaba sesihlanu: amathuluzi asikiwe, okuhlanganisa ukufaka amasaha ayindilinga, amasaha amabhande, amasaha omnsalo, amathuluzi okujika anqanyuliwe kanye nabasiki bensimbi bensimbi, njll.
Indlela Yokwahlulela Ye-NC Tool Wear
1. Okokuqala ijaji ukuthi igqoke noma cha ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokusika, lalela umsindo, futhi ngokuzumayo umsindo wethuluzi ngesikhathi sokucubungula awukona ukusika okuvamile, yiqiniso, lokhu kudinga ukuqoqwa kwesipiliyoni.
2. Bheka ukucutshungulwa. Uma kukhona izinhlansi ezingajwayelekile phakathi nesikhathi sokucubungula, kusho ukuthi ithuluzi seligugile. Ungashintsha ithuluzi ngesikhathi ngokusho kwesilinganiso sempilo yethuluzi.
3. Bheka umbala wezinhlamvu zensimbi. Uma umbala we-iron filings ushintsha, kusho ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokucubungula lishintshile, okungenzeka kube ngenxa yokugqoka kwamathuluzi.
4. Bheka ukuma kwamafayili ensimbi. Izinhlangothi ezimbili zensimbi zibonakala zimangelengele, amafayili ensimbi agoqeke ngendlela engavamile, futhi amafayili ensimbi ahlukaniswa kahle. Ngokusobala akuwona umuzwa wokusika okuvamile, okufakazela ukuthi ithuluzi liye lagqokwa.
5. Uma ubheka ubuso bomsebenzi, kukhona amamaki akhanyayo, kodwa ukuqina nobukhulu akukashintshi kakhulu, okuyinto empeleni ithuluzi eliye lagqokwa.
6. Lalela umsindo, ukudlidliza kokucubungula kuzokhula, futhi umsindo ongajwayelekile uzokhiqizwa uma ithuluzi lingasheshi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukugwema "ukugwazwa ngommese" futhi kubangele ukuthi ucezu lomsebenzi lukhishwe.
7. Qaphela umthwalo wethuluzi lomshini. Uma kunoshintsho olusobala olukhulayo, kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ithuluzi seligqokile.
8. Uma ithuluzi lisikwa, i-workpiece inama-burrs anzima, ubulukhuni buyancipha, ubukhulu be-workpiece iyashintsha kanye nezinye izenzakalo ezisobala nazo ziyizici zokwahlulela zokugqoka kwamathuluzi. Ngamafuphi, ukubona, ukuzwa, nokuthinta, inqobo nje uma ungafingqa iphuzu elilodwa, ungahlulela ukuthi ithuluzi ligqokile yini.
Isimiso sokukhetha ithuluzi le-CNC
1. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekucubunguleni ithuluzi
Noma yiliphi ithuluzi eliyeka ukusebenza lisho ukumiswa kokukhiqiza. Kodwa akusho ukuthi wonke ummese unesimo esifanayo esibalulekile. Ithuluzi elinesikhathi eside sokusika linomthelela omkhulu emjikelezweni wokukhiqiza, ngakho-ke ngaphansi kwesisekelo esifanayo, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kufanele kukhokhwe kuleli thuluzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekwenzeni izingxenye ezibalulekile namathuluzi ngokubekezelela okuqinile kwemishini. Ukwengeza, amathuluzi anokulawulwa kwe-chip okungalungile, njengama-drill, amathuluzi okugaya, namathuluzi okuhlanganisa, kufanele futhi anakwe. Isikhathi sokuphumula singabangelwa ukungalawulwa kahle kwe-chip.
2. Qondanisa nethuluzi lomshini
Imimese ihlukaniswe yaba imimese yesandla sokudla kanye nemibese yesandla sobunxele, ngakho ukukhetha imimese efanele kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, amathuluzi angakwesokudla afanele imishini ezungeza ngokuphambene newashi (CCW) (njengoba ibhekwa eduze kwe-spindle); amathuluzi angakwesokunxele afanele imishini ezungeza njengewashi (CW). Uma unezintambo ezimbalwa, ezinye ezibamba amathuluzi angakwesokunxele kanti ezinye ezingakwesokunxele, khetha amathuluzi angakwesokunxele. Nokho, ekugayeni, abantu ngokuvamile bavame ukukhetha amathuluzi ahlukahlukene. Kodwa noma ngabe uhla lokucubungula olumbozwe yilolu hlobo lwethuluzi lukhulu, ulahlekelwa ngokushesha ukuqina kwethuluzi, wandise ukuchezuka kwethuluzi, wehlise imingcele yokusika, futhi ubangele kalula ukudlidliza kwemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-manipulator yokushintsha ithuluzi ethuluzini lomshini futhi inemikhawulo kusayizi nesisindo sethuluzi. Uma uthenga ithuluzi lomshini elinokupholisa kwangaphakathi ngembobo ku-spindle, sicela futhi ukhethe ithuluzi elinokupholisa kwangaphakathi ngembobo.
3. Qondanisa nezinto ezicutshunguliwe
I-Carbon steel iyinto evamile ecutshungulwayo ekwenzeni imishini, ngakho-ke amathuluzi amaningi okusika aklanywa ngokususelwa ekucutshungulweni kwensimbi ye-carbon eyenziwe kahle. Ibanga le-blade kufanele likhethwe ngokuya ngezinto okufanele zicutshungulwe. Abakhiqizi bamathuluzi banikela ngemizimba ehlukahlukene yokusika kanye nezinto ezihambisanayo zokukhiqiza izinto ezingezona ayoni njengama-superalloys, ama-titanium alloys, i-aluminium, izinhlanganisela, amapulasitiki nezinsimbi ezihlanzekile. Uma udinga ukucubungula izinto ezingenhla, sicela ukhethe ithuluzi elinezinto ezifanayo. Abakhiqizi abaningi banochungechunge oluhlukahlukene lwamathuluzi okusika, okubonisa ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezifanele ukucutshungulwa. Isibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-3PP lwe-DaElement lusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukucubungula i-aluminium alloy, uchungechunge lwe-86P lusetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukucubungula insimbi engagqwali, futhi uchungechunge lwe-6P lusetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukucubungula insimbi yokuqina okuphezulu.
4. Ukucaciswa kwethuluzi
Iphutha elivamile ukukhetha ithuluzi elijikayo elincane kakhulu kanye nethuluzi lokugaya elikhulu kakhulu. Amathuluzi okujika osayizi omkhulu anokuqina okuhle; kuyilapho abasiki bokugaya abakhulu bengabizi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi bathatha isikhathi eside ukusika umoya. Ngokuvamile, intengo yemimese emikhulu iphakeme kuneyemimese emincane.
5. Khetha phakathi kwezindwani ezishintshwayo noma imimese egaya kabusha
Umgomo okufanele uwulandele ulula: zama ukugwema ukulola kabusha imimese yakho. Ngaphandle kwama-drill ambalwa kanye ne-face milling cutters, zama ukukhetha i-blade eshintshwayo noma abasiki bekhanda abashintshwayo uma izimo zivuma. Lokhu kuzokongela izindleko zomsebenzi ngenkathi uthola imiphumela ezinzile yokucubungula.
6. Impahla yamathuluzi kanye nebanga
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zamathuluzi kanye nomkhiqizo kuhlobene eduze nezakhiwo zezinto ezicutshunguliwe, isivinini esiphezulu kanye nezinga lokuphakela kwethuluzi lomshini. Khetha ibanga lethuluzi elivamile leqembu lezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ngokuvamile ezimbozwayo. Bheka "Ishadi Lezincomo Zesicelo Sebanga" elinikezwe umphakeli wamathuluzi. Ezisetshenziswa ezingokoqobo, iphutha elivamile ukuzama ukuxazulula inkinga yempilo yamathuluzi ngokushintsha amamaki ezinto ezifanayo avela kwabanye abakhiqizi bamathuluzi. Uma imimese yakho ekhona ingalungile, khona-ke ukushintshela kumkhiqizo ofanayo usuka komunye umkhiqizi kungenzeka kulethe imiphumela efanayo. Ukuze uxazulule inkinga, kuyadingeka ukucacisa imbangela yokuhluleka kwethuluzi.
7. Izidingo zamandla
Umgomo oyisiqondiso ukuthola okungcono kakhulu kukho konke. Uma uthenge umshini wokugaya onamandla we-20hp, khona-ke, uma umshini wokusebenza kanye ne-fixture ivumela, khetha ithuluzi elifanele kanye nemingcele yokucubungula ukuze ifinyelele ku-80% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwethuluzi lomshini. Naka ngokukhethekile ithebula lamandla/lesivinini kubhukwana lomsebenzisi wethuluzi lomshini, bese ukhetha ithuluzi elingafeza uhlelo lokusebenza lokusika olungcono kakhulu ngokwebanga lamandla lamandla omshini.
8. Inani lamaphethelo okusika
Isimiso siwukuthi, ngcono nakakhulu. Ukuthenga ithuluzi elijikayo elinemiphetho ephindwe kabili akusho ukukhokha okuphindwe kabili. Idizayini efanele iphinde yaphinda kabili isibalo semiphetho yokusika, ukuhlukanisa kanye nokunye okufakwayo kokugaya kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Akuvamile ukushintsha umsiki wokugaya wangempela ngokufaka ama-cutting edge angu-4 kuphela nge-16 cutting edge insert. Ukwandisa inani lamaphethelo okusika nakho kuthinta ngqo ukudla kwetafula kanye nokukhiqiza.
9. Khetha ithuluzi elibalulekile noma ithuluzi le-modular
Amathuluzi wefomethi encane afanele imiklamo ye-monolithic; amathuluzi efomethi amakhulu afanele imiklamo ye-modular. Ngamathuluzi okusika amakhulu, lapho ithuluzi lokusika lihluleka, abasebenzisi bavame ukuthemba ukuthola ithuluzi elisha lokusika kuphela ngokushintsha izingxenye ezincane nezingabizi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumathuluzi e-grooving futhi ayisicefe.
10. Khetha ithuluzi elilodwa noma ithuluzi elinemisebenzi eminingi
Ama-workpiece amancane avame ukufaneleka kakhulu kumathuluzi ahlanganisiwe. Isibonelo, ithuluzi elinemisebenzi eminingi elihlanganisa ukubhoboza, ukujika, ukucikeka kwangaphakathi, ukucupha kanye ne-chamfering. Vele, ama-workpieces ayinkimbinkimbi afaneleka kakhulu kumathuluzi emisebenzi eminingi. Amathuluzi omshini anenzuzo kuwe kuphela lapho esika, hhayi lapho ephansi.
11. Khetha ithuluzi elijwayelekile noma ithuluzi elingajwayelekile
Ngokuduma kwe-number control machining (CNC), ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi ukwakheka kwendawo yokusebenza kungafinyelelwa ngohlelo, kunokuncika kumathuluzi, ngakho amathuluzi angajwayelekile awasadingeki. Eqinisweni, imimese engajwayelekile isabala u-15% wesamba sokuthengiswa kwemibese. Kungani? Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okusika kungahlangabezana nezidingo zosayizi we-workpiece, ukunciphisa inqubo futhi kufinyeze umjikelezo wokucubungula. Ngokukhiqiza ngobuningi, amathuluzi okusika angajwayelekile angafinyeza umjikelezo wokucubungula futhi anciphise izindleko.
12. Ukulawula i-chip
Khumbula, umgomo wakho uwumshini womsebenzi, hhayi ama-chips, kodwa ama-chips angabonisa ngokucacile isimo sokusika sethuluzi. Sekukonke, kunenkolelo-mbono mayelana nokusikwa, njengoba abantu abaningi bengaqeqeshelwanga ukutolika. Khumbula isimiso esilandelayo: ama-chips amahle ngeke abhubhise inqubo, ama-chips amabi azokwenza okuphambene. Okuningi okufakwayo kuklanywe ngezinqamuli ze-chip, futhi ama-chip breaker aklanywe ngokwezinga lokuphakelayo, noma ngabe ukuqedwa kokusika okulula noma ukusika okusindayo machining. I-chip encane, kuba nzima ukuphuka. Ukulawulwa kwe-chip kuyinselele yezinto ezisebenza kanzima ukuya emshinini. Nakuba izinto ezizocutshungulwa zingenakushintshwa, amathuluzi amasha angasetshenziswa ukulungisa isivinini sokusika, izinga lokuphakelayo, izinga lokusika, i-radius yekhona lekhala lethuluzi, njll. Ukuthuthukisa ama-chips kanye nokwenza kahle imishini kuwumphumela wokukhetha okuphelele.
13. Ukuhlela
Lapho ubhekene namathuluzi, ama-workpieces kanye nemishini yemishini ye-CNC, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuchaza izindlela zamathuluzi. Ngokufanelekile, ukwazi ikhodi yomshini eyisisekelo, inephakheji ye-CAM. Indlela yamathuluzi idinga ukucabangela izici zamathuluzi ezifana ne-engeli ye-ramping, isiqondiso sokuzungezisa, okuphakelayo, isivinini sokusika, njll. Ithuluzi ngalinye linezindlela zokuhlela ezihambisanayo zokufinyeza umjikelezo womshini, ukuthuthukisa ama-chips, nokunciphisa amandla okusika. Iphakheji yesofthiwe ye-CAM enhle ingasindisa abasebenzi futhi ikhulise umkhiqizo.
14. Khetha imimese emisha noma imimese evamile evuthiwe
Ngezinga lamanje lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukukhiqiza kwamathuluzi okusika kungaphinda kabili njalo eminyakeni eyi-10. Ukuqhathanisa imingcele yokusika yethuluzi elinconywe eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, uzothola ukuthi ithuluzi lanamuhla lingakwazi kabili ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, kodwa amandla okusika ancishiswa ngo-30%. I-alloy matrix yethuluzi elisha lokusika inamandla futhi inokuqina okuphezulu, okungakwazi ukubona isivinini esikhulu sokusika namandla aphansi okusika. Ama-Chipbreaker namamaki anohlelo oluphansi lokucaciswa nokuguquguquka okubanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imimese yesimanje yengeze ukuguquguquka nokuguquguquka, kokubili okunciphisa ukusungula nokwandisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zamathuluzi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okusika kuphinde kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo emisha kanye nemiqondo yokucubungula, njengabasiki be-Bawang abanakho kokubili ukujika nokujika, kanye nabasiki be-feed high-feed milling, okukhuthaze ukwenziwa kwemishini enesivinini esikhulu, umshini wokugcwalisa i-minimal-quantity lubrication (MQL) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokujika kanzima. Ngokusekelwe ezicini ezingenhla nezinye izizathu, udinga futhi ukulandelela indlela yokucubungula futhi ufunde mayelana nobuchwepheshe bamathuluzi wokusika, ngaphandle kwalokho uzoba sengozini yokusalela emuva.
15. Inani
Nakuba intengo yethuluzi ibalulekile, ayibalulekile njengezindleko zokukhiqiza ezikhokhelwa ithuluzi. Nakuba ummese unenani lawo, inani lombese lisemsebenzini owenzayo ukuze ukhiqize. Ngokuvamile, imimese enamanani aphansi iyona ebangela izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme. Intengo yamathuluzi okusika ibalelwa ku-3% kuphela wezindleko zengxenye. Ngakho-ke gxila ekukhiqizeni kwemimese yakho, hhayi inani layo lokuthenga.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-27-2018
