I-Porosity imbobo eyakheka lapho amabhamuza echibini elincibilikisiwe ehluleka ukuphuma phakathi nokuqiniswa ngesikhathi sokushisela. Lapho ushisela nge-alkaline electrode ye-J507, kunezimbotshana eziningi ze-nitrogen, izimbotshana ze-hydrogen kanye nama-CO pores. Isikhundla se-welding flat sinezimbotshana eziningi kunezinye izikhundla; kunezingqimba eziningi zesisekelo kunezindawo zokugcwalisa nokumboza; kukhona ama-arc weldings amade kunama-arc weldings amafushane; kukhona ama-arc weldings aphazamiseke kakhulu kune-arc weldings eqhubekayo; futhi kunezindawo eziningi zokuqalisa i-arc, ukuvala i-arc kanye nezindawo ezihlanganyelwe kunokushisela. Ziningi ezinye izikhundla zokuthunga. Ukuba khona kwama-pores ngeke kunciphise kuphela ukuminyana kwe-weld futhi kwenze buthaka indawo esebenzayo ye-weld ye-weld, kodwa futhi kunciphise amandla, i-plasticity kanye nokuqina kwe-weld. Ngokwezici zokudluliswa kwe-droplet ye-J507 welding rod, sikhetha umthombo wamandla wokushisela, i-welding current efanelekile, i-arc enengqondo yokuqala nokuvala, ukusebenza kwe-arc okufushane, ukuthuthwa kwenduku yomugqa kanye nezinye izici okufanele zilawule, futhi sithole ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi enhle ekukhiqizeni ukushisela. .
1. Ukwakhiwa kwe-stomata
Insimbi encibilikisiwe incibilikisa inani elikhulu legesi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla, la magesi aphuma kancane kancane ekushiseleni abe amabhamuza. Igesi elingenaso isikhathi sokuphunyuka lihlala liku-weld futhi lakha ama-pores. Amagesi akha izimbotshana ngokuyinhloko ahlanganisa i-hydrogen ne-carbon monoxide. Kusukela ekusabalaleni kwe-stomata, kune-stomata eyodwa, i-stomata eqhubekayo, ne-stomata eminyene; kusukela endaweni ye-stomata, zingahlukaniswa zibe yi-stomata yangaphandle kanye ne-stomata yangaphakathi; ukusuka ekubunjweni, kunezimbobo, i-stomata eyindilinga, kanye ne-strip stomata (i-stomata imise okwe-strip-worm) , okuyizimbotshana eziyindilinga eziqhubekayo), izimbotshana ezinjengeketanga kanye nezinyosi, njll. Okwamanje, ijwayeleke kakhulu ku-J507 ama-electrodes ukukhiqiza ukukhubazeka kwe-pore ngesikhathi sokushisela. Ngakho-ke, ukuthatha i-welding yensimbi ephansi ye-carbon steel nge-electrode ye-J507 njengesibonelo, ezinye izingxoxo zenziwa ngobuhlobo phakathi kwezimbangela zokukhubazeka kwe-pore kanye nenqubo yokushisela.
2.Izici ze-J507 welding rod droplet transfer
Induku yokushisela i-J507 iyinduku yokushisela ephansi ye-hydrogen ene-alkalinity ephezulu. Le ntonga yokushisela ingasetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile lapho umshini wokushisela we-DC uhlehlisa i-polarity. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lomshini we-welding we-DC osetshenziswayo, ukuguqulwa kwe-droplet kusuka endaweni ye-anode kuya endaweni ye-cathode. Ngokujwayelekile i-arc welding ye-manual, izinga lokushisa lendawo ye-cathode liphansi kancane kunokushisa kwendawo ye-anode. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iluphi uhlobo loguquko, izinga lokushisa lizokwehla ngemva kokuba amaconsi efika endaweni ye-cathode, okubangela ukuhlanganiswa kwamaconsi alolu hlobo lwe-electrode futhi ashintshele echibini elincibilikisiwe, okungukuthi, kwakheka ifomu lokuguquka kwamaconsi angamahhadla. . Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ukushisela i-arc manual kuyisici somuntu: njengobuchwepheshe be-welder, ubukhulu bamanje kanye ne-voltage, njll., ubukhulu bamaconsi nawo abulingani, nobukhulu bechibi elincibilikisiwe elibunjiwe nalo alilingani. . Ngakho-ke, amaphutha afana nama-pores akhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya lezici zangaphandle nangaphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-alkaline electrode coating iqukethe inani elikhulu le-fluorite, elibola i-fluorine ions ngamandla aphezulu e-ionization ngaphansi kwesenzo se-arc, okwenza ukuzinza kwe-arc kubi nakakhulu futhi kubangele ukudluliswa kwamaconsi okungazinzile ngesikhathi sokushisela. isici. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga ye-porosity ye-J507 electrode manual arc welding, ngaphezu kokumisa i-electrode nokuhlanza i-groove, kufanele futhi siqale ngezinyathelo zobuchwepheshe zokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokudluliswa kwe-droplet ye-arc.
Imishini yokushisela i-Xinfa inezici zekhwalithi ephezulu nenani eliphansi. Ukuze uthole imininingwane, sicela uvakashele:Abakhiqizi Bezinto Zokushisela Nabasika - Imboni Yokushisela & Cutting yase-China & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
3. Khetha umthombo wamandla wokushisela ukuze uqinisekise i-arc ezinzile
Njengoba i-electrode ye-J507 yokugqoka iqukethe i-fluoride enekhono eliphezulu le-ionization, elibangela ukungazinzi ku-arc gas, kuyadingeka ukukhetha umthombo wamandla we-welding ofanele. Imithombo yamandla okushisela i-DC esivame ukuyisebenzisa ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: umshini wokushisela we-DC arc we-rotary kanye nomshini wokushisela we-silicon we-DC. Nakuba amajika esici sawo angaphandle eyizici zokwehla zonke, ngenxa yokuthi umshini wokushisela we-arc we-rotary DC ufeza injongo yokulungisa ngokufaka isigxobo esizikhethela sokuya emsebenzini, i-waveform yamanje ephumayo ishintshashintsha ngendlela evamile, okufanele ibe yinto enkulu kakhulu. Ikalwe okwamanje, nge-microscopically, okukhiphayo kwamanje kushintsha nge-amplitude encane, ikakhulukazi lapho amaconsi eshintsha, okubangela ukuthi i-swing amplitude ikhule. Imishini yokushisela ye-Silicon elungisiwe ye-DC incike ezingxenyeni ze-silicon ukuze ilungiswe futhi ihlunge. Nakuba amandla okukhiphayo aneziqongo nezigodi, ngokuvamile ashelelayo, noma kunenani elincane kakhulu lokushwibeka enqubweni ethile, ngakho-ke kungacatshangwa ngokuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, akuthintwa kancane ukuguqulwa kwamaconsi, futhi ukuguquguquka kwamanje okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwamaconsi akukukhulu. Emsebenzini wokushisela, kwaphetha ngokuthi umshini wokushisela we-silicon rectifier unamathuba aphansi ezimbotshana kunomshini wokushisela we-rotary DC arc. Ngemuva kokuhlaziya imiphumela yokuhlolwa, kukholakala ukuthi uma usebenzisa ama-electrode e-J507 wokushisela, kufanele kukhethwe umthombo wamandla we-silicon welding oqinile womshini wokushisela, ongaqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-arc futhi ugweme ukuvela kokukhubazeka kwe-pore.
4. Khetha i-welding current efanelekile
Ngenxa yokushisela i-electrode ye-J507, i-electrode iqukethe nenani elikhulu lezakhi ze-alloy ku-weld core ngaphezu kokugqoka ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okuhlangana kwe-weld nokuqeda amathuba okuba nokukhubazeka kwe-pore. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamandla amakhulu welding, ichibi elincibilikisiwe liya lijula, ukusabela kwe-metallurgical kunamandla, futhi izakhi ze-alloy zishiswa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi okwamanje kukhulu kakhulu, ukushisa kokumelana komgogodla we-welding ngokusobala kuzokhula kakhulu, futhi i-electrode izophenduka ibe bomvu, okubangela ukuthi izinto eziphilayo ezisembotsheni ye-electrode zibole ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi zenze ama-pores; kuyilapho i-current incane kakhulu. Isivinini se-crystallization yechibi elincibilikisiwe siyashesha kakhulu, futhi igesi echibini elincibilikisiwe ayinaso isikhathi sokuphuma, okubangela izimbotshana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusetshenziswa i-DC reverse polarity, futhi izinga lokushisa lendawo ye-cathode liphansi kakhulu. Ngisho noma ama-athomu e-hydrogen akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sodlame encibilika echibini elincibilikisiwe, awakwazi ukushintshwa ngokushesha yizakhi ze-alloy. Ngisho noma igesi ye-hydrogen intanta ngokushesha iphume endaweni yokushisela, incibilikisiwe Ichibi liyashiselwa ngokweqile bese lipholiswa ngokushesha, okwenza ama-molecule asele akha i-hydrogen aqine ekushiseleleni kwechibi elincibilikisiwe ukuze kwakheke ukukhubazeka kwezimbotshana. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukucabangela i-welding current efanelekile. Izinduku zokushisela ezine-hydrogen eziphansi ngokuvamile zinenqubo yamanje emincane engaba ngu-10 kuya ku-20% kunezinduku zokushisela ezine-asidi zesimiso esifanayo. Ekukhiqizeni, ezindongeni ze-welding eziphansi ze-hydrogen, isikwele sobubanzi benduku yokushisela ephindwe ngeshumi singasetshenziswa njengereferensi yamanje. Isibonelo, i-electrode ye-Ф3.2mm ingasethwa ku-90 ~ 100A, futhi i-electrode ye-Ф4.0mm ingasethwa ku-160 ~ 170A njengereferensi yamanje, engasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokukhetha imingcele yenqubo ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa okuvuthayo kwezakhi ze-alloy futhi kugweme amathuba okuba nama-pores.
5. I-arc enengqondo ukuqala nokuvala
I-J507 electrode welding joints ivame ukukhiqiza ama-pores kunezinye izingxenye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa lamalunga ngokuvamile liphansi kancane kunezinye izingxenye ngesikhathi sokushisela. Ngenxa yokuthi ukushintshwa kwenduku entsha yokushisela kuye kwabangela ukunqamuka kokushisa isikhathi esithile endaweni yokuvala ye-arc yasekuqaleni, kungase futhi kube nokugqwala kwendawo ekugcineni kwenduku entsha yokushisela, okuphumela ezimbotsheni eziminyene endaweni ehlangene. Ukuxazulula ukukhubazeka kwe-pore okubangelwa yilokhu, ngaphezu kokusebenza kokuqala Ngaphezu kokufaka ipuleti edingekayo ye-arc-starting ekupheleni kwe-arc-starting, ekuhlanganyeleni ngakunye phakathi nendawo, gcoba kancane ukuphela kwe-electrode entsha ngayinye ku-arc. -ukuqala ipuleti ukuqala i-arc ukususa ukugqwala ekugcineni. Engxenyeni ngayinye ephakathi nendawo, indlela yokushaya kwe-arc okuthuthukisiwe kufanele isetshenziswe, okungukuthi, ngemva kokuba i-arc ishaywe ngo-10 kuya ku-20 mm phambi kwe-weld futhi izinzile, bese idonselwa emuva endaweni yokuvala ye-arc. joint ukuze indawo yokuvala ye-arc yokuqala ingashiswa endaweni kuze kuncibilike. Ngemva kokuhlanganisa, yehlisa i-arc bese uyishwiba kancane uye phezulu naphansi izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ukuze ushise ngendlela evamile. Lapho uvala i-arc, i-arc kufanele igcinwe ibe mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvikela ichibi elincibilikisiwe ekugcwaliseni i-arc crater. Sebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-arc noma ukujikela emuva naphambili izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ukuze ugcwalise i-arc crater ukuze ukhiphe izimbotshana ezikhiqizwe ku-arc yokuvala.
6. Ukusebenza kwe-arc okufushane kanye nokunyakaza komugqa
Ngokuvamile, izinduku zokushisela ze-J507 zigcizelela ukusetshenziswa kokusebenza kwe-arc emfushane. Inhloso yokusebenza kwe-arc emfushane ukuvikela ichibi lesixazululo ukuze i-pool yesisombululo esimweni sokubilisa esiphezulu sokushisa ngeke ihlaselwe umoya wangaphandle futhi ikhiqize ama-pores. Kodwa kusiphi isimo i-arc emfushane okufanele igcinwe, sicabanga ukuthi incike ezindongeni ze-welding zokucaciswa okuhlukile. Ngokuvamile i-arc emfushane ibhekisela ebangeni lapho ubude be-arc kulawulwa khona ku-2/3 wobubanzi benduku yokushisela. Ngenxa yokuthi ibanga lincane kakhulu, hhayi kuphela ichibi lesixazululo elingakwazi ukubonakala ngokucacile, kodwa futhi kunzima ukusebenza futhi lingabangela ukujikeleza okufushane kanye nokuphuka kwe-arc. Akukho okuphakeme kakhulu noma okuphansi kakhulu okungafeza injongo yokuvikela ichibi lesixazululo. Kunconywa ukuthutha imichilo ngendlela eqondile lapho uthutha imichilo. Ukujika okudlulele emuva naphambili kuzodala ukuvikeleka okungalungile kwechibi lesixazululo. Ngobukhulu obukhulu (kubhekiselwa ku-≥16mm), imisele evulekile emise okwe-U noma ekabili emise okwe-U ingasetshenziswa ukuxazulula inkinga. Ngesikhathi sokushisela ikhava, i-multi-pass welding nayo ingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ububanzi bokujika. Izindlela ezingenhla zamukelwa ekukhiqizeni ukushisela, okungagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yangaphakathi kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ubuhlalu obushelelezi nobucocekile.
Lapho usebenzisa ama-electrodes e-J507 we-welding, ngaphezu kwezinyathelo zenqubo ezingenhla zokuvimbela ama-pores angenzeka, ezinye izidingo zenqubo evamile azikwazi ukunakwa. Isibonelo: ukomisa induku yokushisela ukuze kukhishwe amanzi namafutha, ukunquma nokucubungula i-groove, kanye nendawo efanele yokubeka phansi ukuvimbela ukuchezuka kwe-arc ekubangeleni ama-pores, njll. Kuphela ngokulawula izinyathelo zenqubo ngokusekelwe kuzici zomkhiqizo, sizoba ekwazi ukwehlisa ngempumelelo futhi agweme amaphutha embotshana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-01-2023
