1. Izakhiwo zensimbi zensimbi
1. Iphoyinti lokukhiqiza (σs)
Lapho insimbi noma isampula yeluliwe, lapho ukucindezeleka kudlula umkhawulo wokunwebeka, ngisho noma ukucindezeleka kunganyuki, insimbi noma isampula isaqhubeka nokuguquguquka okusobala kwepulasitiki. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukuhoxa, futhi inani elincane lokucindezeleka lapho ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngelephoyinti lesivuno. Vumela u-Ps kube amandla angaphandle endaweni yesivuno s, futhi u-Fo abe indawo enqamula ingxenye yesampula, bese iphoyinti lokukhiqiza u-σs =Ps/Fo(MPa).
2. Amandla esivuno (σ0.2)
Iphuzu lokukhiqiza lezinye izinto zensimbi alibonakali kakhulu, futhi kunzima ukulilinganisa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ulinganise izici zokukhiqiza zezinto ezibonakalayo, ukucindezeleka lapho i-deformation yepulasitiki ehlala unomphela ilingana nenani elithile (ngokuvamile i-0.2% yobude bokuqala) ibekiwe, ebizwa ngokuthi isimo. Amandla okukhiqiza noma vele unikeze amandla σ0.2.
3. Amandla okuqina (σb)
Inani eliphakeme lokucindezeleka elifinyelelwe yizinto ezibonakalayo kusukela ekuqaleni kuya esikhathini sokuphuka phakathi nenqubo yokwelula. Imele ikhono lensimbi lokumelana nokuphuka. Okuhambisana namandla okuqina amandla acindezelayo, amandla avumelana nezimo, njll. Vumela i-Pb kube amandla amakhulu aqinile afinyelelwe ngaphambi kokuba impahla iphuke, futhi u-Fo abe indawo ephambanayo yesampula, bese kuba amandla aqinile σb=Pb/Fo (MPa ).
4. Ubude (δs)
Ngemva kokuba impahla iphukile, iphesenti yokwelulwa kwayo kwepulasitiki kuya kubude besampula yasekuqaleni ibizwa ngokuthi ukunwetshwa noma ukwelula.
5. Isilinganiso sesivuno (σs/σb)
Isilinganiso sephoyinti lesivuno (amandla esivuno) sensimbi kumandla aqinile sibizwa ngokuthi isilinganiso sesivuno. Isilinganiso sesivuno esikhulu, siphakamisa ukuthembeka kwezingxenye zesakhiwo. Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso sesivuno se-carbon steel singu-0.6-0.65, leso sensimbi yesakhiwo esine-alloy ephansi singu-0.65-0.75, kanye ne-alloy structural steel 0.84-0.86.
6. Ubulukhuni
Ubulukhuni bukhombisa ikhono lempahla ukumelana nokucindezela into eqinile ebusweni bayo. Ingenye yezinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile zezinto zensimbi. Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kokuqina, kungcono ukumelana nokugqoka. Izinkomba zokuqina ezivame ukusetshenziswa yiBrinell hardness, Rockwell hardness kanye neVickers hardness.
1) Ukuqina kwe-Brinell (HB)
Cindezela ibhola lensimbi eliqinile losayizi othize (ngokuvamile u-10mm ububanzi) endaweni yezinto ezinomthwalo othile (ngokuvamile u-3000kg) bese uligcina isikhathi esithile. Ngemva kokususwa komthwalo, isilinganiso somthwalo endaweni yokuhlohla yinani lobulukhuni beBrinell (HB).
2) Ukuqina kwe-Rockwell (HR)
Uma i-HB>450 noma isampula lincane kakhulu, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Brinell akukwazi ukusetshenziswa futhi esikhundleni sokulinganisa ubulukhuni be-Rockwell kufanele kusetshenziswe. Isebenzisa ikhoni yedayimane ene-engeli ye-vertex engu-120 ° noma ibhola lensimbi elinobubanzi obungu-1.59mm no-3.18mm ukuze icindezele ebusweni bento ezohlolwa ngaphansi komthwalo othile, futhi ukuqina kwento kutholakala ukujula kokuhlehlisa. Ngokusho kobunzima bento yokuhlola, ingavezwa ngezilinganiso ezintathu ezihlukene:
I-HRA: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-60kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane, futhi isetshenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphakeme kakhulu (njenge-carbide enosimende, njll.).
I-HRB: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-100kg kanye nebhola lensimbi eliqinile elinobubanzi obungu-1.58mm. Isetshenziselwa izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphansi (njengensimbi ene-annealed, iron cast, njll.).
I-HRC: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-150kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane, futhi isetshenziselwa izinto ezinokuqina okuphezulu (njengensimbi eqinile, njll.).
3) Ukuqina kwe-Vickers (HV)
Sebenzisa i-indenter yekhoni yesikwele yedayimane enomthwalo ongaphansi kuka-120kg kanye ne-engeli ye-vertex engu-136° ukuze ucindezele ebusweni bento, futhi uhlukanise indawo engaphezulu yomgodi wokuhlehlisa ngenani lomthwalo ukuze uthole inani lobulukhuni be-Vickers (HV ).
2. Izinsimbi ezisansimbi nezingenansimbi
1. Insimbi eyinsimbi
Ibhekisela kungxubevange yensimbi nensimbi. Okufana nensimbi, i-iron yengulube, i-ferroalloy, i-iron cast, njll. Kokubili insimbi ne-pig iron ama-alloys asekelwe ku-iron ne-carbon njengento eyinhloko yokwengeza, ngokuhlangene ebizwa ngokuthi ama-alloys e-iron-carbon.
I-pig iron ibhekisela emkhiqizweni owenziwe ngokuncibilikisa insimbi yensimbi esithandweni somlilo esiqhumayo, esisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza insimbi nokuphonsa.
Ukuncibilikisa insimbi yengulube esithandweni sokuncibilika kwensimbi ukuze kutholwe insimbi ewuketshezi (ingxubevange ye-iron-carbon ewuketshezi enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engaphezu kuka-2.11%), nokuphonsa insimbi ewuketshezi ekubunjweni, lolu hlobo lwensimbi ekhonjiwe lubizwa nge-cast iron.
I-Ferroalloy iyingxubevange eyakhiwe ngensimbi, i-silicon, i-manganese, i-chromium, i-titanium nezinye izakhi. I-Ferroalloy ingenye yezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenza insimbi. Isetshenziswa njenge-deoxidizer kanye nesengezo se-alloy element yensimbi ngesikhathi sokwenza insimbi.
Ama-alloys e-iron-carbon anekhabhoni engaphansi kuka-2.11% abizwa ngokuthi insimbi, kanti insimbi itholakala ngokufaka insimbi yengulube yokwenza insimbi esithandweni sokwenza insimbi bese iyincibilikisa ngokuvumelana nenqubo ethile. Imikhiqizo yensimbi ihlanganisa ama-ingots ensimbi, ama-cast slabs aqhubekayo kanye nokuphonsa okuqondile ekubunjweni kwensimbi okuhlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, insimbi ngokuvamile ibhekisela ensimbi egoqwe emikhiqizweni yensimbi ehlukahlukene.
2. Izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi
Eyaziwa nangokuthi izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni, isho izinsimbi nama-alloys ngaphandle kwensimbi eyinsimbi, njengethusi, ithini, umthofu, i-zinc, i-aluminium, nethusi, ithusi, ama-alloys e-aluminium, nama-alloys anezinhlamvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chromium, i-nickel, i-manganese, i-molybdenum, i-cobalt, i-vanadium, i-tungsten, i-titanium, njll. Lezi zinsimbi zisetshenziswa kakhulu njengezengezo ze-alloy ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinsimbi. Phakathi kwazo, i-tungsten, i-titanium, i-molybdenum, njll. isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza imimese. ingxubevange eqinile. Lezi zinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi ezingenhla zibizwa ngokuthi izinsimbi zezimboni, ngaphezu kwezinsimbi eziyigugu: iplatinamu, igolide, isiliva, njll. nezinsimbi ezingavamile, okuhlanganisa i-uranium ekhipha imisebe, i-radium, njll.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi
Ngaphezu kwensimbi ne-carbon, izakhi eziyinhloko zensimbi zihlanganisa i-silicon, i-manganese, isulfure ne-phosphorus.
Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuhlukanisa insimbi, futhi izindlela eziyinhloko zimi kanje:
1. Ihlukaniswa ngekhwalithi
(1) Insimbi evamile (P≤0.045%, S≤0.050%)
(2) Insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu (kokubili i-P ne-S≤0.035%)
(3) Insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu (P≤0.035%, S≤0.030%)
2. Ukwahlukaniswa ngamakhemikhali
(1) Insimbi yekhabhoni: a. Insimbi ye-carbon ephansi (C≤0.25%); b. Medium carbon steel (C≤0.25 ~0.60%); c. I-carbon steel ephezulu (C≤0.60%).
(2) Insimbi yengxubevange: a. Insimbi ye-alloy ephansi (ingqikithi yokuqukethwe kwezakhi ze-alloying ≤ 5%); b. Insimbi ye-alloy ephakathi (ingqikithi yokuqukethwe kwezakhi ze-alloying> 5-10%); c. Insimbi ephezulu ye-alloy (ingqikithi yokuqukethwe kwezakhi ze-alloying> 10% %).
3. Ihlukaniswa ngendlela yokwakha
(1) insimbi ebunjiwe; (2) insimbi; (3) insimbi egoqwe ngokushisa; (4) insimbi edonsa ngamakhaza.
4. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesakhiwo se-metallographic
(1) Isimo esifakiwe: a. insimbi ye-hypoeutectoid (i-ferrite + pearlite); b. insimbi ye-eutectoid (pearlite); c. insimbi ye-hypereutectoid (pearlite + cementite); d. Insimbi eqinile (pearlite + cementite).
(2) Isimo esijwayelekile: a. insimbi ye-pearlitic; b. insimbi bainite; c. insimbi ye-martensitic; d. insimbi ye-austenitic.
(3) Akukho ukuguqulwa kwesigaba noma ukuguqulwa kwesigaba esiyingxenye
5. Ukuhlukaniswa ngenhloso
(1) Insimbi yokwakha nobunjiniyela: a. Insimbi evamile ye-carbon structural; b. Insimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy ephansi; c. Insimbi eqinisiwe.
(2) Insimbi yesakhiwo:
a. Insimbi yokukhiqiza imishini: (a) Insimbi yesakhiwo ecishiwe futhi eqinile; (b) Insimbi yesakhiwo eqinile: okuhlanganisa insimbi yokungcwaba, insimbi ye-ammoniated, nensimbi eqinile; (c) Insimbi yesakhiwo esika kalula; (d) I-Cold plasticity Insimbi yokwakha: okuhlanganisa insimbi yesitembu esibandayo nensimbi yesihloko esibandayo.
b. Insimbi yasentwasahlobo
c. Ukuthwala insimbi
(3) Insimbi yethuluzi: a. insimbi yensimbi ye-carbon; b. insimbi yensimbi ye-alloy; c. high-speed ithuluzi insimbi.
(4) Insimbi yokusebenza okukhethekile: a. Insimbi engagqwali ukumelana ne-asidi; b. Insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa: okuhlanganisa insimbi elwa ne-oxidation, insimbi yamandla okushisa, insimbi yevalvu; c. Insimbi yokushisa ingxubevange kagesi; d. Insimbi engagqoki; e. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lensimbi; f. Insimbi kagesi.
(5) Insimbi yokusetshenziswa kochwepheshe—njengensimbi yamabhuloho, insimbi yemikhumbi, insimbi yamabhayela, insimbi yemikhumbi yokucindezela, insimbi yemishini yezolimo, njll.
6. Ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba okuphelele
(1) Insimbi evamile
a. Insimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni: (a) Q195; (b) Q215 (A, B); (c) Q235 (A, B, C); (d) Q255 (A, B); (e) Q275.
b. Insimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy ephansi
c. Insimbi yesakhiwo evamile ngezinjongo ezithile
(2) Insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu (kuhlanganise nensimbi yezinga eliphezulu)
a. Insimbi yesakhiwo: (a) insimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni ephezulu; (b) ingxube yensimbi yesakhiwo; (c) insimbi yasentwasahlobo; (d) insimbi yokusika mahhala; (e) insimbi enensimbi; (f) insimbi yesakhiwo yekhwalithi ephezulu ngezinjongo ezithile.
b. Insimbi yethuluzi: (a) insimbi yensimbi ye-carbon; (b) insimbi yensimbi eyingxubevange; (c) insimbi yamathuluzi enesivinini esikhulu.
c. Insimbi yokusebenza okukhethekile: (a) insimbi engagqwali emelana ne-asidi; (b) insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa; (c) insimbi yengxubevange yokushisisa ngogesi; (d) insimbi kagesi; (e) insimbi engagqoki umanganese ephezulu.
7. Ihlukaniswa ngendlela yokuncibilikisa
(1) Ngokohlobo lwesithando somlilo
a. Insimbi yokuguqula: (a) insimbi yokuguqula i-asidi; (b) insimbi yokuguqula eyisisekelo. Noma (a) insimbi yokuguqula eshaye phansi; (b) insimbi yokuguqula ephephezelwa eceleni; (c) insimbi yokuguqula ephephezelwa phezulu.
b. Insimbi yesithando somlilo kagesi: (a) insimbi yesithando somlilo kagesi; (b) insimbi yesithando somlilo se-electroslag; (c) insimbi yesithando somlilo; (d) vacuum isithando somlilo esisetshenziswayo; (e) insimbi yesithando somlilo se-electron.
(2) Ngokwezinga le-deoxidation kanye nesistimu yokuthulula
a. Insimbi ebilayo; b. Insimbi ebulewe kancane; c. Insimbi ebulewe; d. Insimbi ekhethekile ebulewe.
4. Uhlolojikelele lwezindlela zokumela zezwe lami zensimbi
Inkomba yebanga lomkhiqizo ngokuvamile ikhonjiswa ngenhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ze-pinyin zesiShayina, izimpawu zezakhi zamakhemikhali nezinombolo zesi-Arabhu. Khona manje:
①Izakhi zamakhemikhali kumabanga ensimbi zimelelwa yizimpawu zamakhemikhali zamazwe ngamazwe, njenge-Si, Mn, Cr…njll. Izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezixubile zimelelwa “RE” (noma “Xt”).
②Igama lomkhiqizo, ukusetshenziswa, izindlela zokuncibilikisa kanye nezindlela zokuthela, njll. ngokuvamile zimelelwa izinhlamvu ezifushanisiwe ze-Chinese Pinyin.
③Okuqukethwe kwekhemikhali eyinhloko (%) ensimbi imelelwa izinombolo zesi-Arabhu.
Lapho i-alfabhethi yefonetiki yesiShayina isetshenziselwa ukukhombisa igama lomkhiqizo, ukusetshenziswa, izici nezindlela zokucubungula, uhlamvu lokuqala luvame ukukhethwa ezinhlamvwini zefonetiki zesiShayina ezimelela igama lomkhiqizo. Lapho liphindaphindwa nohlamvu olukhethwe omunye umkhiqizo, esikhundleni salokho kungasetshenziswa uhlamvu lwesibili noma uhlamvu lwesithathu, noma uhlamvu lokuqala lwephinyin lwezinhlamvu ezimbili zesiShayina lungakhethwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Uma zingekho izinhlamvu zesiShayina kanye ne-pinyin etholakalayo okwamanje, izimpawu ezisetshenzisiwe ziyizinhlamvu zesiNgisi.
Eyesihlanu, ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu indlela yokumelela amamaki ensimbi ezweni lami
1. Indlela yokuqokwa yensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni kanye nensimbi yesakhiwo esinengxubevange ephansi enamandla aphezulu
Insimbi esetshenziswe ngenhla ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: insimbi evamile kanye nensimbi ekhethekile. Indlela yokubonisa izinga yakhiwe ngezinhlamvu ze-pinyin zesiShayina zephoyinti lokukhiqiza noma amandla okukhiqiza ensimbi, inani lephoyinti lokukhiqiza noma amandla okukhiqiza, izinga lekhwalithi yensimbi, kanye nezinga le-deoxidation yensimbi, empeleni yakhiwe izingxenye ezi-4.
①Insimbi yesakhiwo esijwayelekile yamukela uhlamvu lwe-pinyin “Q” olumele iphoyinti lokukhiqiza. Inani lephoyinti lesivuno (iyunithi i-MPa) kanye namabanga ekhwalithi (A, B, C, D, E) kanye nendlela yokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni (F, b, Z, TZ) nezinye izimpawu ezishiwo kuThebula 1 zakha ibanga ngokulandelana kwazo. Isibonelo: amamaki ensimbi ye-carbon structural achazwa njenge: Q235AF, Q235BZ; amamaki ensimbi yesakhiwo esine-alloy ephansi achazwa njenge: Q345C, Q345D.
I-Q235BZ isho insimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni ebulewe enenani lephoyinti lesivuno ≥ 235MPa kanye nebanga B lekhwalithi.
Amabanga amabili e-Q235 ne-Q345 angamabanga ajwayelekile kakhulu ensimbi yobunjiniyela, amamaki anokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa okukhulu kakhulu, kanye namamaki asetshenziswa kakhulu. Lawa mabanga amabili atholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni.
Ekubunjweni kwebanga lensimbi ye-carbon structural, uphawu "Z" lwensimbi ebulewe kanye nophawu "TZ" lwensimbi ekhethekile ebulewe lungashiywa, isibonelo: ngensimbi ye-Q235 enekhwalithi yezinga C no-D ngokulandelanayo, amamaki kufanele abe ngu-Q235CZ. kanye ne-Q235DTZ, Kodwa ingashiywa njenge-Q235C ne-Q235D.
Insimbi yesakhiwo esinengxubevange ephezulu ihlanganisa insimbi ebulewe nensimbi ekhethekile ebulewe, kodwa uphawu olubonisa indlela ye-deoxidation alufakwa ekupheleni kwebanga.
②Insimbi yesakhiwo esikhethekile ngokuvamile ikhonjiswa ngophawu “Q” olumele indawo yokukhiqiza yensimbi, inani lephoyinti lokukhiqiza, nezimpawu ezimelela ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo okushiwo kuThebula 1, isibonelo: izinga lensimbi lemikhumbi yokucindezela liyavezwa. njenge "Q345R"; izinga lensimbi yesimo sezulu Livezwa njenge-Q340NH; I-Q295HP amamaki ensimbi wokushisela amasilinda egesi; Q390g steel amamaki for boilers; Q420q amamaki ensimbi amabhuloho.
③Ngokwezidingo, ukuqokwa kwensimbi yesakhiwo esinengxubevange ephansi-injongo evamile ephansi kungase futhi kusebenzise izinombolo ezimbili zesi-Arabhu (okubonisa isilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, izingxenye ngezinkulungwane eziyishumi) kanye nezimpawu zezakhi zamakhemikhali, ezivezwe ngokulandelana kwazo; insimbi ekhethekile enengxubevange ephezulu enamandla amakhulu Igama lomkhiqizo lingaphinda livezwe ngokulandelana ngokusebenzisa izinombolo ezimbili zesi-Arabhu (okukhombisa isilinganiso sekhabhoni ezingxenyeni eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi), izimpawu zezakhi zamakhemikhali, nezinye izimpawu ezibaluliwe ezimele ukusetshenziswa umkhiqizo.
2. Indlela yokumelwa yensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni ephezulu nekhwalithi ephezulu yensimbi ye-carbon spring
Insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-carbon structural isebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinombolo ezimbili zesi-Arabhu (ekhombisa isilinganiso sekhabhoni yokuqukethwe ngezinkulungwane eziyishumi) noma izinombolo zesi-Arabhu nezimpawu zesici.
① Ngensimbi ebilayo nensimbi ebulewe kancane, izimpawu “F” kanye no-“b” zengezwa ngokulandelana ekupheleni kwebanga. Isibonelo, izinga lensimbi ebilayo elinokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okuphakathi kuka-0.08% ivezwa ngokuthi “08F”; izinga lensimbi ebulewe kancane enesilinganiso sekhabhoni engu-0.10% ivezwa ngokuthi “10b”.
② Insimbi ebulewe (S, P≤0.035% ngokulandelanayo) ngokuvamile ayimakwa ngezimpawu. Isibonelo: insimbi ebulewe enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okumaphakathi okungu-0.45%, ibanga layo livezwa ngokuthi “45”.
③ Ezinsimbi zesakhiwo sekhabhoni zekhwalithi ephezulu ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-manganese, uphawu lwento ye-manganese lwengezwa ngemva kwezinombolo zesi-Arabhu ezibonisa isilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni. Isibonelo: insimbi enesilinganiso sekhabhoni esingu-0.50% kanye ne-manganese engu-0.70% kuya ku-1.00%, izinga layo lichazwa ngokuthi "50Mn".
④ Ngensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni yezinga eliphezulu (S, P≤0.030% ngokulandelanayo), engeza uphawu "A" ngemva kwebanga. Isibonelo: izinga eliphezulu lensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni enesilinganiso sekhabhoni esiphakathi kuka-0.45%, izinga layo livezwa ngokuthi "45A".
⑤Insimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni yekhwalithi ephezulu (S≤0.020%, P≤0.025%), engeza uphawu "E" ngemva kwebanga. Isibonelo: insimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni ephezulu yekhwalithi ephezulu enesilinganiso sekhabhoni sokuqukethwe okungu-0.45%, ibanga layo ivezwa ngokuthi “45E”.
Indlela yokumelela yamabanga aphezulu ensimbi ye-carbon spring steel iyafana naleyo yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-carbon structural steel grades (65, 70, 85, 65Mn steels akhona kuzo zombili izindinganiso GB/T1222 kanye GB/T699 ngokulandelana).
3. Indlela yokuqokwa yensimbi ye-alloy structural kanye ne-alloy spring steel
① I-alloy structural steel amabanga amelwe izinombolo zesi-Arabhu nezimpawu zezakhi zamakhemikhali ezijwayelekile.
Sebenzisa izinombolo ezimbili zesi-Arabhu ukuze ubonise isilinganiso sekhabhoni yokuqukethwe (izingxenye ngezinkulungwane eziyishumi), futhi uyibeke ekuqaleni kwebanga.
Indlela yokusho yokuqukethwe kwe-alloy element imi kanje: lapho isilinganiso sokuqukethwe singaphansi kuka-1.50%, isici kuphela esikhonjiswa kubhrendi, futhi okuqukethwe ngokuvamile akuboniswa; isilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwe-alloy ngu-1.50%～2.49%, 2.50%～3.49%, 3.50%～4.49%, 4.50%～ 5.49%, …, ngokuhambisanayo njengokuthi 2, 3, 4, 5 … ngemva kwezakhi zengxubevange.
Isibonelo: isilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, i-chromium, i-manganese, ne-silicon ngokulandelana 0.30%, 0.95%, 0.85%, kanye no-1.05% wensimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy. Uma okuqukethwe kuka-S no-P kungu-≤0.035%, ibanga lichazwa ngokuthi “30CrMnSi”.
Insimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy ephezulu yezinga eliphezulu (S, okuqukethwe kwe-P ≤0.025% ngokulandelanayo), kuboniswa ngokungeza uphawu "A" ekupheleni kwebanga. Isibonelo: “30CrMnSiA”.
Ngensimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy yezinga elikhethekile (S≤0.015%, P≤0.025%), engeza uphawu "E" ekupheleni kwebanga, isibonelo: "30CrM nSiE".
Ukuze uthole amamaki ensimbi yesakhiwo esikhethekile se-alloy, uphawu olumele ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo olushiwo kuThebula 1 kufanele lwengezwe ekhanda (noma umsila) webanga. Isibonelo, insimbi engu-30CrMnSi esetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile izikulufi zokuqhumisa, inombolo yensimbi ivezwa njenge-ML30CrMnSi.
②Indlela yokumelela yebanga lensimbi yensimbi ye-alloy iyafana naleyo yensimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy.
Isibonelo: isilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, i-silicon, ne-manganese ngokulandelana 0.60%, 1.75%, no-0.75% wensimbi yasentwasahlobo, futhi ibanga lakhona livezwa ngokuthi "60Si2Mn". Ukuze uthole insimbi yasentwasahlobo yekhwalithi ephezulu, engeza uphawu "A" ekupheleni kwebanga, futhi izinga layo livezwa ngokuthi "60Si2MnA".
4. Ibanga lensimbi yokusika mahhala
Amathuluzi e-Xinfa CNC anekhwalithi enhle kakhulu nokuqina okuqinile, ukuze uthole imininingwane, sicela uhlole: https://www.xinfatools.com/cnc-tools/
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-21-2023
